James A. Morone - By the People: Debating American Government

BY THE PEOPLE

DEBATING AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

BY THE PEOPLE

DEBATING AMERICAN GOVERNMENT | BRIEF FOURTH EDITION

JAMES A. MORONE

Brown University

ROGAN KERSH

Wake Forest University

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.

Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press

198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.

2019, 2018, 2016, 2014, by Oxford University Press

For titles covered by Section 112 of the US Higher Education Opportunity Act, please visit www.oup.com/us/he for the latest information about pricing and alternate formats.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Morone, James A., 1951- author. | Kersh, Rogan, author.

Title: By the people : debating American government / James A. Morone, Brown University, Rogan Kersh, Wake Forest University.

Description: Brief Fourth Edition. | New York : Oxford University Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018049759| ISBN 9780190928728 (Paperback) |

ISBN 9780190928759 (Looseleaf) | ISBN 9780190928735 (ebook) | Subjects: LCSH: United States. Constitution. | United StatesPolitics and governmentTextbooks.

Classification: LCC JK276 .M67 2019 | DDC 320.473dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018049759

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed by LSC Communications, Inc., United States of America

Many teachers and colleagues inspired us. We dedicate this book to four who changed our lives. Their passion for learning and teaching set the standard we aim for every dayand on every page that follows.

Richard ODonnell

Murray Dry

Jim Barefield

Rogers Smith

By the People comes from the Gettysburg Address. Standing on the battlefield at Gettysburg, President Abraham Lincoln delivered what may be the most memorable presidential address in American historydefining American government as a government of the people, by the people, for the people. Here is the full address.

F our score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicatewe can not consecratewe can not hallowthis ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before usthat from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotionthat we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vainthat this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedomand that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

PART I IDEAS AND RIGHTS

PART II POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

PART III POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

PART IV POLICYMAKING

APPENDIX I
The Declaration of Independence

APPENDIX II
The Constitution of the United States of America

APPENDIX III
The Federalist Papers nos. 1, 10, and 51

PART I IDEAS AND RIGHTS

PART II POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

PART III POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

PART IV POLICYMAKING

APPENDIX I
The Declaration of Independence

APPENDIX II
The Constitution of the United States of America

APPENDIX III
The Federalist Papers nos. 1, 10, and 51

JAMES MORONE (BA, Middlebury College, MA and PhD, University of Chicago) is the John Hazen White Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at Brown University and five-time winner of the Hazeltine Citation for outstanding teacher of the year. Dr. Morone, an award-winning author, has published ten books, including The Heart of Power (2009, a New York Times Notable Book), Hellfire Nation (2003, nominated for a Pulitzer Prize), and The Democratic Wish (1990, winner of the American Political Science Associations Kammerer Award for the best book on American politics). He has written over 150 articles and essays, and has commented on politics in the New York Times , the London Review of Books , and the American Prospect . Dr. Morone has been elected to the National Academy of Medicine and the National Academy of Social Insurance. He has served as president of the politics and history section of the American Political Science Association and the New England Political Science Association. He also has served on the board of editors for eight scholarly journals.

ROGAN KERSH (BA, Wake Forest University, MA and PhD, Yale University) is provost and professor of political science at Wake Forest University. A leading scholar in American political science, Dr. Kersh is best known for his work on health reform, obesity politics, and interest groups/lobbying. As a political science faculty member at Syracuse from 1996 to 2006, he won three different teaching awards; from 2006 to 2012, as associate dean of New York Universitys Wagner School of Public Service, he won both the Wagner and NYUs teaching awards, as well as the Martin Luther King, Jr. Award for scholarship, teaching, and university service. Dr. Kersh has published two books and more than 50 academic articles and has provided commentary on U.S. politics for dozens of different media outlets including CNN, Newsweek , and the New York Times . He was president of the American Political Science Associations organized section on health politics and policy in 20112012 and is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.