Boldorf Marcel - Economies under occupation: the hegemony of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in World War II

Nazi Germany and Japan occupied huge areas at least for some period during World War II, and those territories became integral parts of their war economies. The book focuses on the policies of World War II aggressors in occupied countries.

The unbalanced economic and financial relations were defined by administrative control, the implementation of institutions and a variety of military exploitation strategies. Plundering, looting and requisitions were frequent aggressive acts, but beyond these interventions by force, specific institutions were created to gain control over the occupied economies as a whole. An appropriate institutional setting was also crucial to give incentives to the companies in the occupied countries to produce munitions for the aggressors. The book explains the main fields of war exploitation (organisation and control, war financing and workforce recruitment). It substantiates these aspects in case studies of occupied countries and gives examples of the business policy of multinational companies under war conditions. The book also provides an account of differences and similarities of the two occupation systems.

Economies under Occupation will interest researchers specialising in the history of economic thought as well as in economic theory and philosophy. It will also engage readers concerned with regional European and Japanese studies and imperial histories.

Marcel Boldorf is Professor at Universit Lyon 2 Lumire. His research focuses on German economic history in the twentieth century and the occupation of European countries, especially France, in World War II. Further research interests are the institutional analysis of industrialisation and social and welfare policies.

Tetsuji Okazaki is Professor of Economic History at Graduate School of Economics, The University of Tokyo. His research focuses on institutional analysis of Japanese economic development, including such topics as wartime planning and control, the role of industrial policies in the postwar period and the role of the capital market and business groups in the prewar period.

Edited by Marcel Boldorf and Tetsuji Okazaki

First published 2015

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2015 Marcel Boldorf and Tetsuji Okazaki for selection and editorial matter; individual chapters their contribution

The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Economies under occupation : the hegemony of Nazi Germany and imperial Japan in World War II / edited by Marcel Boldorf, Tetsuji Okazaki.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.GermanyEconomic policy19331945.2.JapanEconomic policy19331945.3.Military occupationEconomic aspectsEurope20th century.4.Military occupationEconomic aspectsAsia20th century.5.World War, 19391945Occupied territories.6.GermanyHistory19331945.7.JapanHistory19331945.I.Boldorf, Marcel.II.Okazaki, Tetsuji.
HC286.4.E32 2015
940.53'1dc23
2014040944

ISBN: 978-0-415-83533-6 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-71627-5 (ebk)

Typeset in Galliard

by Apex CoVantage, LLC

MARCEL BOLDORF AND TETSUJI OKAZAKI

I
The system of occupation

MARCEL BOLDORF

TETSUJI OKAZAKI

II
War financing

JONAS SCHERNER

GREGG HUFF AND SHINOBU MAJIMA

III
Exploiting the foreign labour force

MARK SPOERER

TOSHIO KOJIMA

IV
Incorporation of territories in the war economy

MARCEL BOLDORF

DIRK LUYTEN

HANS OTTO FRLAND

STEPHAN LEHNSTAEDT

HARALD WIXFORTH

TETSUJI OKAZAKI

GERARDO P. SICAT

J. THOMAS LINDBLAD

MICHAEL W. CHARNEY AND ATSUKO NAONO

DELPHINE BOISSARIE

V
Multinationals acting in occupied economies

RALF AHRENS

STEEN ANDERSEN

TSUTOMU HIRAYAMA

NARUMI IMAI

MARCEL BOLDORF AND TETSUJI OKAZAKI

Ralf Ahrens is researcher at the Potsdam Centre for Contemporary History (Zentrum fr Zeithistorische Forschung). He specialises in German economic and business history of the twentieth century.

Steen Andersen is Associate Professor at the Copenhagen Business School. His primary research areas are business history, business and war.

Delphine Boissarie, Agrge dHistoire, is currently writing a PhD thesis on a French business conglomerate in Indochina. She is attached to the Centre des Mondes Modernes et Contemporains at the University of Bordeaux Mon-taigne, France.

Marcel Boldorf is Professor at Universit Lyon 2 Lumire. His research focuses on German economic history in the twentieth century and the occupation of European countries, especially France, in World War II. Further research interests are the institutional analysis of industrialisation and social and welfare policies.

Michael W. Charney is an imperial historian at the School of Oriental and African Studies, the University of London, whose research focuses on transportation, warfare and culture in Southeast Asia and Africa. During the writing of this chapter, Charney was project professor at the Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia at the University of Tokyo.

Hans Otto Frland is Professor of Contemporary European History at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim. His research interest lies within the field of historical political economy. He is currently directing a research project on the activities and impact of Organisation Todt in Norway during Nazi Germanys occupation.

Tsutomu Hirayama is Visiting Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Keio University. He is a former editor of the Journal of Japanese Colonial Studies.

Gregg Huff is Senior Research Fellow, Pembroke College, University of Oxford. His main research interests are the economics of war, finance, urbanisation, migration and economic development and Southeast Asia.

Narumi Imai is Associate Professor of Chinese Economic History at the Faculty of Education, Gunma University.

Toshio Kojima is Professor of Nagaoka University. His research field is the modern history of Japanese colonies.

Stephan Lehnstaedt is research fellow at the German Historical Institute Warsaw. His main fields of research are the history of Poland and Germany during the two World Wars, the Holocaust and its compensation after 1945.