Reaching across the Waters
Reaching across the Waters
Facing the Risks of Cooperation in International Waters
Ashok Subramanian
Bridget Brown
Aaron Wolf
2012 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Washington DC 20433
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AttributionPlease cite the work as follows: Subramanian, Ashok, Bridget Brown, and Aaron Wolf. 2012. Reaching across the Waters: Facing the Risks of Cooperation in International Waters. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI. 10.1596/978-0-8213-9594-3 License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0
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ISBN (paper): 978-0-8213-9594-3
ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8213-9595-0
DOI (print): 10.1596/978-0-8213-9594-3
Cover photo: Leonard Abrams
Cover design: Naylor Design, Washington, D.C.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Subramanian, Ashok, 1950
Reaching across the waters : facing the risks of cooperation in international waters / Ashok Subramanian, Bridget Brown, and Aaron Wolf.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-8213-9594-3 ISBN 978-0-8213-9595-0 (electronic)
1. Water-supplyManagementInternational cooperation. 2. Water resources developmentInternational cooperation. I. Brown, Bridget. II. Wolf, Aaron T. III. Title.
HD1691.S823 2012
333.91dc23
2012017466
Contents
Foreword |
About the Authors |
Acknowledgments |
Abbreviations |
Overview |
Perceived Risk |
Enhancing Cooperation |
Key Messages |
Chapter 1 Introduction and Approach |
Justification |
Background |
Assessing Risk |
Reducing Risk and Building Opportunity |
Role of Third Parties |
A New Way of Looking at a Cooperation Decision |
Assumptions |
Cases and Tipping Points |
Objectives |
Notes |
References |
Chapter 2 Application of the Framework |
Introduction of the Cases and Context |
Analysis of Cases |
Eastern Nile, 19992004 |
Ganges, 199498 |
Niger, 19982004 |
Syr Darya, 19962002 |
Zambezi, 200004 |
Summary |
Notes |
References |
Chapter 3 Understanding Risk |
The Five Categories of Risk |
Core versus Operational Risks |
Notes |
References |
Chapter 4 Enhancing Cooperation |
Reducing Risk |
Building Opportunity |
Various Paths to Cooperation |
Notes |
References |
Chapter 5 Pointers for Partners |
Specific Partner Actions |
Additional Considerations |
Systematic, Iterative Action |
Notes |
References |
Chapter 6 Conclusion: Lessons Learned |
On Risk and Risk Reduction |
On Opportunity and Opportunity Enhancement |
On Supporting Cooperation |
Reference |
Appendix A Global Streams of Influence |
Introduction |
International Water Law: The Legal Stream |
The Global Environmental MovementThe Environment Stream |
The Inception and Institutionalization of IWRMThe IWRM Stream |
Conclusion |
Notes |
References |
Maps |
2.1 The Eastern Nile River Basin |
2.2 The Ganges River Basin |
2.3 The Niger River Basin |
2.4 The Syr Darya River Basin |
2.5 The Zambezi River Basin |
Figures Framework: |
O.1 Framework: Risks and Opportunities to Cooperation |
1.1 Framework: Risks and Opportunities to Cooperation |
2.1 Summary of Key Observations |
4.1 Matching Risk Reduction Strategies to Risks |
4.2 Paths to Cooperation |
5.1 Timeline of Suggested Partner Actions |
6.1 Lessons Learned |
A.1 Timeline of Events along the Three Streams of Influence |
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