Praise for
A Documentary History of the United States
Richard Heffner has assembled a portable canon of American documents that take us across the depth and breadth of our national experience. Here is fertile soil for exploring our past and imagining our future. Present crises notwithstanding, you cannot spend time within these pages and be skeptical of our capacity to overcome, survive, and thrive in the endless, vexing, and robust pursuit of a more perfect union.
Bill Moyers
For those who want the raw materials of American history, here is the invaluable source. An indispensable contribution to the understanding of our heritage.
Robert A. Caro, author of the Pulitzer Prizewinning The Power Broker and the #1 New York Times bestseller Master of the Senate
Whether you are a student of American history, a casual browser, or a speaker in need of a timely quote, you will benefit from having ready access to this excellent collection of important documents.
Derek Bok, Emeritus President and the 300th Anniversary University Professor, Harvard University
Words make history, and Richard Heffner has assembled the most important words that have defined Americas journey from the Revolution to the present. Imaginatively selected and judiciously annotated, the documents in this collection capture the full range of the nations colorful, consequential, and often contentious history. Simply the best such anthology available.
David M. Kennedy, author of the Pulitzer Prizewinning Freedom from Fear
A superb collection of documents, skillfully edited, with an edifying introduction to each chapter. An indispensable reference work for history buffs.
Kenneth M. Stampp, author of And the War Came
A Documentary History of the United States presents the vital documents of American history with incisive and informed commentaryan invaluable resource for the student, the teacher, and the history buff.
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Pulitzer Prize and National Book awardwinning author of A Thousand Days and A Life in the 20th Century
Nothing compares to reading the word spoken or written at the great turning points. By compiling and introducing this collection of essential documents, Richard Heffner has done a wonderful service.
Sylvia Nasar, author of A Beautiful Mind
Not only a superb collection of notable documents but history in its most authentic form, as written by our greatest leaders, now creatively presented by a distinguished and discriminating historian.
James MacGregor Burns, author of the Pulitzer Prize andNational Book Awardwinning Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom
WORDS THAT MADE HISTORY
Here are the words of noted Americans in many of the major documents that have shaped and reflected American historycollected in one inexpensive volume, ideal for both student and general reader.
In addition to selecting and editing the actual texts of these speeches and other writings, historian Richard D. Heffner has written a series of brief interpolatory passages that explains the significance of these documents, together with their place in the events and developments of American history.
From these documents and commentaries, which range from the Declaration of Independence to the National Organization for Womens (NOWs) 1966 Statement of Purpose, from Jeffersons First Inaugural Address to Obamas, from Walt Whitmans Democratic Vistas to Edward R. Murrow on television in American life, from Marbury v. Madison to Roe v. Wade, from major Lincoln and FDR speeches to Barack Obamas, the social, political, and intellectual patterns of American history through 9/11, the Bush/Cheney years, and the two elections of the first African-American as President of the United States emerge in sharp focus.
Both as a sourcebook of hard-to-find basic documents and as a stimulating guide to a fuller understanding of Americas past and present, A Documentary History of the United States is an invaluable volume for every intelligent reader.
SIGNET
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First published by Signet, an imprint of New American Library, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. The seventh and eighth editions of this title were previously published in Signet editions. The first six editions of this title were previously published in Mentor editions.
First Printing (Updated and Expanded Edition), October 2013
Copyright Richard D. Heffner, 1952, 1956, 1965, 1976, 1985, 1991, 1995, 2001, 2002
Copyright Richard D. Heffner and Alexander Heffner, 2009, 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of the authors rights. Purchase only authorized editions.
REGISTERED TRADEMARKMARCA REGISTRADA
ISBN 978-0-451-46647-1
ISBN 978-1-101-64253-5 (eBook)
PUBLISHERS NOTE
While the authors have made every effort to provide accurate telephone numbers, Internet addresses and other contact information at the time of publication, neither the publisher nor the authors assume any responsibility for errors, or for changes that occur after publication. Further, publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party Web sites or their content.
To my Mother and Father
with love, honor, and gratitude
R ICHARD D. H EFFNER , 1952
FOREWORD
In this brief history of the United States many of the major sources of American political, economic, and intellectual life are presented essentially as they were written. For the sake of clarity, liberties have been taken with punctuation and spelling, and ellipses indicate that some passages have been omitted. But what in the broadest sense are many of the tangible and unquestioned raw materials of American history are objectively presented here for examination and evaluation, so that each reader becomes truly his own historian. On the other hand, the connective commentary which places the various documents in their historical context is necessarily subjective, for the past as fact is to be clearly distinguished from recorded history, which is largely opinion. Thus the commentary, as the late Charles A. Beard characterized written history generally, is pre-eminently an act of faith which embodies not the past itself, but simply the authors own changeable understanding of the sequence, motivation, and conceptual meaning of certain events in the American past.
In innumerable ways A Documentary History of the
United States is a joint venture, and I wish to express
deepest appreciation to my many friends, students, colleagues, and teachers who aided so generously in its preparation. Special thanks to Edward McN. Burns and to Richard V. Chase, for their thoughtfulness, kindness, and thoroughness in reading and checking the original manuscript. Thanks also to Lawrence H. Chamberlain, Arthur W. Macmahon, Harry J. Carman, Allan Nevins, Eduard C. Lindeman, and Martin Levin for their criticisms and constant encouragement; to Marc Jaffe, my editor, for wisdom and patience beyond the call of duty; and always to Elaine, my wife, for everything.