Anne Greene - The Catholic Church in Haiti: Political and Social Change

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The Catholic Church in Haiti Political and Social Change

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title	:	The Catholic Church in Haiti : Political and Social Change
author	:	Greene, Anne.
publisher	:	Michigan State University Press
isbn10 | asin	:	0870133276
print isbn13	:	9780870133275
ebook isbn13	:	9780585188072
language	:	English
subject	Catholic Church--Haiti--Political activity, Catholic Church--Haiti--History--20th century, Church and state--Haiti--History--20th century, Church and state--Catholic Church--History--20th century, Haiti--History--1934-1986, Haiti--History--1986- , Haiti--
publication date	:	1993
lcc	:	BX1453.2.G74 1993eb
ddc	:	282/.7294/09045
subject	:	Catholic Church--Haiti--Political activity, Catholic Church--Haiti--History--20th century, Church and state--Haiti--History--20th century, Church and state--Catholic Church--History--20th century, Haiti--History--1934-1986, Haiti--History--1986- , Haiti--

Page v

Page vi The Catholic Church in Haiti Political and Social Change Anne Greene Michigan State University Press East Lansing 1993

Page vii Copyright 1993 Anne Greene All Michigan State University Press books are produced on paper which meets the requirements of American National Standard of Information SciencesPermanence of paper for printed materials ANSI Z23.48-1984. Michigan State University Press East Lansing, Michigan 48823-5202 Printed in the United States of America 01 00 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Greene, Anne. The Catholic Church in Haiti: political and social change / by Anne Greene. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87013-327-6 (alk. paper) 1. Catholic ChurchHaitiPolitical Activity. 2. Catholic ChurchHaitiHistory20th Century. 3. Church and StateHaitiHistory20th Century. 4. Church and StateCatholic ChurchHistory 20th Century. 5. HaitiHistory19341986. 6. HaitiHistory19867. HaitiChurch History. I. Title. BX1453.2.074 1993 282.729409045dc20 93-2545 CIP

Page viii Acknowledgements Because of the sensitivity of my topic, I cannot thank by name everyone who has been of help to me. I am, nonetheless, grateful to all of you, Haitian and American scholars, diplomats, members of religious communities, journalists, and librarians, who have so generously shared your time and wisdom with me. Fortunately, I can acknowledge outright my profound appreciation to two professors, Drs. John Finan and Pope Atkins. I can also say terima kasish to the Executive Director of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Jakarta, Indonesia; Pak Hadi Soesastro; for his continuing kindness. I can disclose my appreciation to a faithful correspondent on Haiti, Mr. John Bannigan. I can express special gratitude to the Editor in Chief of the Michigan State University Press, Julie L. Loehr. I only wish I could thank the late professor Harold Davis. How to thank my wonderful husband, Michael, my daughters Diana and Lesley, family and friends for their support, forbearance, and good humor? Impossible.

Page ix Contents Introduction 1 1. The Church and State in Latin America 3 2. The State in Haiti 21 3. The Church in Haiti 73 4. The Church and Jean-Claude Duvalier 129 5. The Role of the Church in the Overthrow of Jean-Claude Duvalier 191 6. The Post-Duvalier Church 211 7. Plus a Change 245 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms 255 Appendix B: Chronology of Important Dates 257 Bibliography 259 Index 287

Page 1 Introduction The principal question raised and addressed in this study is: what was the role of the Catholic Church in Haiti in the downfall of dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier (19711986)? This research examines the recent history of the Catholic Church in Haiti in the framework of political events, probes the extent to which a significant sector of the Catholic Church, an institution not usually associated with rebellion, led the citizens of Haiti to revolt against their president, and elucidates the causes of its activism. Clearly, there were many diverse forces at work in the overthrow of JeanClaude Duvalier. This book does not intend to minimize them, but seeks to understand the key participation of certain sectors of the Haitian Church. Although the Church was historically identified with the interests of governments in Haiti, in this instance it took an active role in the overthrow of a president. This work seeks to identify both Church motives and methods, and asks why the Haitian Church abandoned its traditional role of emphasis on baptism and counseling patience and resignation in favor of an active political role. Citing the activist role of Christ in the Bible, many of the clergy and women religious maintained that the Church should be working for social, economic, and political justice. In Haiti, such views appear to have led some members of the Church hierarchy, and many of its priests, nuns, and lay people, to become critical of the government and take a more active part in secular matters. They began to teach the principles of democracy, engage in literacy campaigns, and encourage critical evaluations of disparities between what the government said and did. They began to speak out in parishes and bishoprics, through homilies, encyclicals, letters, messages, and, particularly, the Church radio station,

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