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The University of Massachusetts Press Amherst, 1985
Page iv
First edition published by Random House, 1970
Revised edition copyright 1985 by
The University of Massachusetts Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Killian, Lewis M. White southerners. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. WhitesSouthern States. 2. Southern States Social conditions. 3. Southern StatesRace relations. I. Title. F2I6.2.K54 1985 305.8'00975 85-5844 ISBN 0-87023-487-0 (alk. paper) ISBN 0-87023-488-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)
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TO RICHARD W. ERVIN Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida A white southerner who in his career has exemplified the most gracious features of the southern gentleman as well as the vision and courage that offer the only hope for the emergence of a truly New South.
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Preface to the Revised Edition
Writing the first edition of this book was indeed a labor of love. Like so many other white southerners who had discovered both the joy and the challenge of writing, I found myself attempting to explain for othersand for myselfthe mlange of images and sentiments that being a native of this region arouses. In the process I explored the history and sociology of the land of my forebears more thoroughly than I would have otherwise.
The opportunity to put aside other projects and undertake this welcome task was offered in the context of the publication of a series of books designed for classroom use. Although this imposed some constraints that were less than welcome, I was and still am satisfied with the fruits of my labor. I would not change what I wrote in 1970 but do feel the need to add more observations.
About the Appendix
Once again, publishing considerations impose some constraints. For a number of practical reasons it is not feasible to revise all the charts and tables in the appendix, nor do I regard it as essential to do so. Chart 1 and most of the tables are primarily of historical interest. It will suffice to note here what has happened with reference to certain trends since 1960.
The percent of the population of the South that is white (table 1) increased once again between 1960 and 1970, from 75.7 percent to 78.1 percent. The trend had been interrupted
Page viii
by 1980, the census for that year showing a slight decrease to 77.8 percent. We can only speculate as to whether this means that black southerners are becoming more willing to make the region their home, as some observers already believe.
The trend toward urbanization continued but slackened a bit between 1970 and 1980. The proportion of the southern population classified as urban was 56.9 percent in 1970 and 59.4 percent in 1980, as compared to 51 percent in 1960 (table 5), The region still lagged behind the nation, which was over 73 percent urban in 1970 and 1980.
The additions that might be made to chart 2, showing presidential preference in terms of electoral votes by the states, are fraught with implications. Not since the election of 1968, when four states cast their votes for George Wallace as the American Independent candidate, has any large bloc of white southerners felt it necessary to reject both major parties in order for their voice to be heard. In 1972 they felt that the GOP spoke best for them and Richard M. Nixon became the first Republican to make a clean sweep of the eleven states of the South. In 1976 the region seemed to be returning to Democratic normalcyonly Virginia failed to cast its votes for Jimmy Carter. But this did not prove to be the beginning of a trend. In 1980 only Carter's home state of Georgia remained in the Democratic column. In 1984 the South was solid once more, but now solidly Republican! To a Georgia "cracker" who can honestly say that he never knew a real, live Republican until he was almost old enough to vote, this is as amazing and intriguing as is the rise of black political power in the South. The two developments are related. Both will offer abundant challenges for analysis by future generations of social scientists.
In Acknowledgment
I am indebted to the many teachers who, after the first edition went out of print, said to me, "I wish I could still get White Southerners for my classes." Their expression of interest was a
Page ix
major source of encouragement to me to undertake a revision. My aspiration to see the volume once again available was further abetted by my friend, former student, and very helpful editor, Richard J. Martin of the University of Massachusetts Press. I will always be grateful to Peter I. Rose, of Smith College, who invited me to write the first edition for his series on ethnic groups in comparative perspective.
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Preface to the First Edition
The author is tempted to apologize for undertaking yet another interpretation of white southerners, for the literature on the South already seems limitless. In doing the research for this book I began to suspect that every white southerner possessed of any literary talent has felt impelled to interpret the South anew. As black writers have been preoccupied with the problems of their race, white southern writers have been intrigued by the mystique of their region. At the same time, many non-southern writers have been fascinated by white southerners and particularly by their faults.
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