Robert M. Hutchins - St. Thomas and the World State (Aquinas Lecture 14)
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St. Thomas and the World State (Aquinas Lecture 14)
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St. Thomas and the World State Aquinas Lecture ; 1949
author
:
Hutchins, Robert Maynard.
publisher
:
Marquette University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0874621143
print isbn13
:
9780874621143
ebook isbn13
:
9780585306339
language
:
English
subject
Thomas,--Aquinas, Saint,--1225?-1274--Political and social views, International organization.
publication date
:
1949
lcc
:
JC361.H8 1949eb
ddc
:
321.04
subject
:
Thomas,--Aquinas, Saint,--1225?-1274--Political and social views, International organization.
Page iii
Aquinas Lecture 1949
St. Thomas and the World State
Under the Auspices of the Aristotelian Society of Marquette University
By Robert M. Hutchins Chancellor, The University. of Chicago
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY PRESS MILWAUKEE 1949
Page iv
Copyright 1949 By The Aristotelian Society Of Marquette University
Page v
To MORTIMER ADLER for twenty-two years
Page vii
Prefatory
The Aristotelian Society of Marquette University each year invites a scholar to deliver a lecture in honor of St. Thomas Aquinas. Customarily delivered on the Sunday nearest March 7th, the feast day of the Society's patron saint, these lectures are called the Aquinas Lectures.
In 1949 the Society had the pleasure of recording the lecture of Robert Maynard Hutchins, Chancellor of the University of Chicago.
Born in Brooklyn, N. Y. in 1899, Chancellor Hutchins attended Oberlin College 1915-17, served in the U. S. Army 1917-19, and received from Yale University his A.B. in 1921, an honorary M.A. in 1922 and LL.B. in 1925. He was master of English and history at Lake Placid School, 1921-23; lecturer in the Yale University law school, 1923-25; secretary of the University 1923-27; professor of Law 1927-29 and dean of the Yale University law school 1928-29. In 1929 he was appointed
Page viii
president of the University of Chicago and in 1945 became Chancellor.
He has been awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by West Virginia University, Lafayette College, Oberlin College (1929), Williams College (1930), Berea College (1931), Harvard University (1936), Tulane University (1938), the University of Copenhagen (1946), the University of Frankfurt (1948) and the University of Stockholm (1949); the University of Illinois gave him an honorary Doctor of Letters degree in 1947.
He holds the Italian Croce di Guerra and is an officer of the French Legion of Honor.
Chancellor Hutchins was chairman of the Commission of Inquiry on Freedom of the Press in 1946 and of the Committee to Frame a World Constitution in 1948.
He has made innumerable public addresses and contributed to many scholarly and popular periodicals.
He has published three books: No Friendly Voice (1936); The Higher Learning in America (1936), and Education for Freedom (1948).
Page ix
To these the Aristotelian Society takes pleasure in adding St. Thomas and the World State.
Page xiii
It is therefore to be hoped that the doctrines of Aquinas, concerning the ruling of peoples and the laws which establish their relations with one another, may be better known, since they contain the true foundations of that which is termed the 'League of Nations' (Pius XI Studiorum Ducem, 29 June 1923).
As formerly, when the Church contributed, after the mediaeval fashion, to the political moulding of Europe, it seems that today she is aware of her duty to contribute, after the fashion of our modern age, and thanks to the moral authority which is everywhere recognized as being hers, to the salvation of our threatened civilization, to the social shaping of the world and the advent of a new order (Maritain Ransoming the Time, p. 204).
Page 1
St. Thomas and the World State
In this lecture I propose to show how St. Thomas, beginning with the remark of Aristotle that the state is the perfect community, transmuted that remark into a political theory relevant in every age; and how this theory, together with the teachings of St. Thomas in the Treatise on Law, leads irresistibly in our day to world law, world government, and a world state.
I
Aristotle said in the Politics, "But, if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community, which is the highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims, and in a greater degree than any other, at the highest good."1
Page 2
He went on: "But when several families are united, and the association aims at something more than daily needs, then comes into existence the village.... When several villages are united in a single community, perfect and large enough to be nearly or quite self-sufficing, the state comes into existence originating in the bare needs of life, and continuing in existence for the sake of a good life.... Besides, the final cause and end of a thing is the best, and to be self-sufficing is the end and the best.... The proof that the state is a creation of nature and prior to the individual is that the individual, when isolated, is not self-sufficing."2
These observations must be taken, as their author implies, as the statement of an ideal. Herodotus and Thucydides do not portray the Greek city-state as aiming at the highest good; certainly they do not portray it as achieving it. And when Aristotle wrote, the city-state had long passed its prime. Nor can it be said the city-states had been in any sense self-sufficing. The aggrandizement of Athens must have borne
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