William P. Leahy - Adapting to America: Catholics, Jesuits, and Higher Education in the Twentieth Century
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Adapting to America: Catholics, Jesuits, and Higher Education in the Twentieth Century
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Adapting to America : Catholics, Jesuits, and Higher Education in the Twentieth Century
author
:
Leahy, William P.
publisher
:
Georgetown University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0878405046
print isbn13
:
9780878405046
ebook isbn13
:
9780585160658
language
:
English
subject
Catholic universities and colleges--United States--History--20th century, Church and college--United States--History--20th century, Catholics--United States--Intellectual life--20th century, United States--Intellectual life--20th century, Christianity and
publication date
:
1991
lcc
:
LC501.L34 1991eb
ddc
:
377
subject
:
Catholic universities and colleges--United States--History--20th century, Church and college--United States--History--20th century, Catholics--United States--Intellectual life--20th century, United States--Intellectual life--20th century, Christianity and
Page iii
Adapting to America
Catholics, Jesuits, and Higher Education in the Twentieth Century
William P. Leahy, S.J.
Department of History Marquette University
Georgetown University Press WASHINGTON, D.C.
Page iv
Copyright 1991 by Georgetown University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Leahy, William P. Adapting to America: Catholics, Jesuits, and higher education in the twentieth century / William P. Leahy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-87840-504-6. -- ISBN 0-87840-505-4 (pbk.) 1. Catholic universities and colleges--United States -History--20th century. 2. Church and college--United States -History--20th century. 3. Catholics--United States--Intellectual life-20th century. 4. United States--intellectual life--20th century. 5. Christianity and culture--History--20th century. I. Title. LC501.L34 1991 377-dc20 90-40505 CIP
Page v
To my parents, Ed and Alice Leahy
Page vii
Contents
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xiii
1 Catholicism and Education in America
1
2 American Catholicism vs. Academic Professionalism
33
3 Catholics and Coeducation
67
4 The Rise of the Laity in American Catholic Higher Education
93
5 Catholics and Educational Expansion after 1945
123
6 Catholics, Higher Education, and the Future
155
Selected Bibliography
159
Index
181
Page ix
Preface
This is a study of how Catholics adapted to the United States and how American culture affected Catholicism during the twentieth century; it is based on an investigation of major developments in Catholic higher education since World War I. Like other academic institutions in this country, Catholic colleges and universities have functioned as both mirrors and agents of change during the twentieth century as they grew in number, size, and academic quality. In 1900, the Catholic higher educational network consisted of sixty-three schools enrolling approximately 4,200 students, the vast majority of them males. Founded by dioceses or religious orders and staffed mainly by priests, brothers, and sisters, these institutions offered a prescriptive, liberal arts curriculum and stressed character formation in an atmosphere permeated by traditional, believing Catholicism. No school was coeducational, and most lacked adequate faculty and facilities.
But in 1990, Catholic colleges and universities number more than 230 institutions and register approximately 550,000 students in a variety of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs. Catholic higher education currently ranges from small colleges for women to large coeducational, comprehensive universities and from numerous accredited, though academically undistinguished, schools to a few institutions with national academic prestige. Most Catholic postsecondary schools now admit both male and female applicants, and all rely heavily on lay faculty and administrators. Moreover, in contrast to the confidence, religious zeal, and clear objectives particularly evident in Catholic colleges and universities in the 1920s and 1930s, Catholic higher learning currently faces a growing shortage of personnel committed to fostering Catholic spiritual and educational values. Moreover, it lacks a compelling sense of purpose.1
Page x
The growth of American Catholic higher education in this century reflected in past decades and continues to reflect today the religious values, population increase, rising educational and career goals, and ideological adjustments of Catholics in the United States. Catholic schools also contributed significantly to Catholic social, political, and economic advancement, providing low-cost education and encouraging Catholics to enter the mainstream. Thus, examination of the development of Catholic colleges and universities since 1900 casts light on the response of Catholics to American culture and the influence of wider society on Catholicism.
Yet despite the importance of schools in the American Catholic experience, the written history of Catholic higher learning is curiously meager, consisting mainly of brief essays and narrow histories of institutions and their sponsoring religious orders. There is a special need for monographs which analyze and interpret Catholic higher education in the context of American culture, non-Catholic schools, and the Catholic community. Contemporary understanding of American Catholicism and its educational institutions suffers from the absence of such studies.
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