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Ridings - Chicago to Springfield

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Ridings Chicago to Springfield
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Volume 3: -- Jabbar, Kareem Abdul -- Jack and Jill of America, Inc -- Jackson, George -- Jackson, Janet -- Jackson, Jesse -- Jackson, Jesse, Jr -- Jackson, Mahalia -- Jackson, Maynard -- Jackson, Michael -- Jackson, Reggie -- Jackson, Samuel L -- Jackson, Shirley Ann -- Jackson State University -- Jacob, John -- Jakes, T D -- James, Daniel, Jr -- Jamison, Judith -- Japan -- Jay-Z -- Jazz -- Jefferson, Blind Lemon -- Jefferson, William -- Jemison, Mae -- Jet -- Jews, Black -- Jim Crow Laws -- Johnson, Charles S -- Johnson, Eddie Bernice -- Johnson, J Rosamond -- Johnson, Jack -- Johnson, James Weldon -- Johnson, John H -- Johnson, Lyndon B -- Johnson, Lyndon B, Administration of -- Johnson, Magic -- Johnson, Michael -- Johnson Publishing Company -- Jones, Elaine -- Jones, James Earl -- Jones, K C -- Jones, Lois Mailou -- Jones, Nathaniel -- Jones, Quincy -- Jones, Roy -- Joplin, Scott -- Jordan, Barbara -- Jordan, June -- Jordan, Michael -- Jordan, Vernon -- Journalism, print and broadcast -- Journal of Negro Education -- Journal of Negro History -- Journey of reconciliation -- Joyner-Kersee, Jackie -- Judges and the Judiciary -- Julian, Percy -- Julius Rosenwald Fund -- Juneteenth -- Kansas -- Karenga, Maulana Ron -- Keith, Damon -- Kennedy, Flo -- Kennedy, John F, Administration of -- Kennedy, Robert F -- Kentucky -- Kerner Commission Report -- Keyes, Alan -- Kincaid, Jamaica -- King, B B -- King, Coretta Scott -- King, Don -- King, Martin Luther, Jr -- King, Martin Luther, Jr, assassination of -- King, Martin Luther, Jr, philosophy of -- King, Martin Luther, Sr -- King, Mel -- King, Woodie -- Kirk, Ron -- Kitt, Eartha -- Knight, Etheridge -- Knight, Suge -- Komunyakaa, Yusef -- Korean War -- Krigwa players -- Ku Klux Klan -- Kwanzaa -- Lampkin, Daisy -- Language -- Larsen, Nella -- Last poets -- Latinos and Black Latinos -- Lawrence, Jacob -- Laws and legislation -- Lawson, James M -- Leadbelly -- League of Revolutionary Black Workers -- Lee, Barbara -- Lee, Don L -- Lee, Sheila Jackson -- Lee, Spike -- Legal Profession -- Leland, Mickey -- Leonard, Buck -- Leonard, Sugar Ray -- Lewis, Carl -- Lewis, Delano -- Lewis, John -- Lewis, Reginald -- Liberation Theology -- Liberia -- Lincoln, Abraham, in African American memory -- Lincoln University (Missouri) -- Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) -- Literacy tests -- Literature -- Little Richard -- Little Rock, Arkansas -- Locke, Alain -- Logan, Adela Hunt -- Logan, Rayford W -- Longview Riot -- Lorde, Audre -- Los Angeles -- Louis, Joe -- Louisiana -- Louisville, Kentucky -- Loury, Glenn -- Loving v Virginia -- Lowery, Joseph -- Lucy, William -- Lunching and mob violence -- Mabley, Moms -- McCall, H Carl -- McCarthyism -- McGruder, Aaron, and Boondocks -- McKay, Claude -- McKinlay, Whitefield -- McKinley, William, Administration of -- McKinney, Cynthia -- McKissick, Floyd B -- McMillan, Terry -- Maine -- Malcolm X -- Malcolm X, memory of -- Marches on Washington, DC -- Overview -- 1941 -- 1963 -- Marriage, mixed -- Marsalis Family -- Marshall, Paule -- Marshall, Thurgood -- Martin, Louis -- Martin Luther King Jr Day -- Martyrdom and Civil Rights -- Maryland -- Massachusetts -- Massive resistance -- Mathis, Johnny -- Matthews, Victoria Earle -- Mayfield, Curtis -- Mayors -- Mays, Benjamin E -- Mays, Willie Howard -- Medical Profession -- Meharry Medical College -- Memphis -- Meredith, James H -- Meriwether, Louise -- Messenger -- Metcalfe, Ralph -- Mfume, Kweisi -- Miami -- Micheaux, Oscar -- Michigan -- Middle class -- Military -- Military, racism in the -- Miller, Dorie -- Miller, Kelly -- Million Man March -- Mills, Florence -- Milner, Ron -- Mingus, Charles, Jr -- Minnesota -- Minstrel Tradition -- Miscegenation Laws -- Mississippi -- Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party -- Mississippi Freedom Summer -- Missouri -- Missouri ex rel Gaines V Canada -- Mitchell, Arthur -- Mitchell, Arthur W -- Mitchell, Clarence -- Mitchell, Parren -- Models -- Modern Jazz Quartet -- Mohonk Conferences on the Negro question -- Monk, Thelonious -- Montana -- Montgomery Bus Boycott -- Montgomery Conference -- Monuments, Museums, and public markers -- Moon Illustrated Weekly -- Moore, Fred R -- Moore, Harry T -- Moore, Queen Mother -- Moore, Richard -- Morehouse College -- Moreland, Mantan -- Morgan State University -- Morial, Ernest and Marc -- Morrison, Toni -- Morton, Jelly Roll -- Mosaic Templars -- Moseley Braun, Carol -- Moses, Robert P -- Mosley, Walter -- Motley, Archibald J, Jr -- Motley, Constance Baker -- Moton, Robert Russa -- Motown -- MOVE Bombing -- Muhammad, Elijah -- Murphy, Eddie -- Murphy, Isaac -- Murray, Albert L -- Murray, Pauli -- Music -- Musical Theater -- Music Industry -- Muslims, Black -- NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund -- Nabrit, James M -- Nash, Diane -- Nashville -- National Alliance against racist and political repression -- National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People -- National Association Of Black Journalists -- National Association Of Colored Women -- National Baptist Convention -- National Baptist Publishing Board -- National Bar Association -- National Committee For The Advancement Of The Negro -- National Conference For Community And Justice -- National Conference Of Black Lawyers -- National Council Of Negro Women -- National Federation of Afro-American Women -- National Medical Association -- National Negro Business League -- National Negro Conference -- National Negro Congress -- National Newspaper Publishers Association -- National Urban League -- National Welfare Rights Organization -- Nation Of Islam -- Naylor, Gloria -- Neal, Larry -- Nebraska -- Negro: An Anthology -- Negro History Week/Month -- Negro In Art Symposium -- Negro In The South -- Negro World -- Nevada -- New Hampshire -- New Jersey -- New Left -- New Mexico -- New Negro -- New Negro -- New Orleans -- New South -- Newton, Huey P -- New York Age -- New York City -- New York City Riot -- New York State -- Niagara Movement -- Nigger Heaven -- Nix, Robert N C -- Nixon, Edgar Daniel -- Nixon, Richard, Administration of -- No Child Left Behind -- Norfolk State University -- North Carolina -- North Carolina A & T State University -- North Dakota -- Norton, Eleanor Holmes -- Notorious B I G -- NWA.;Volume 4: Obama, Barack -- Ohio -- Oklahoma -- OLeary, Hazel -- Olympics -- ONeal, Shaquille -- ONeal, Stanley -- Opportunity -- Orangeburg Massacre -- Oratory and verbal arts -- Oregon -- Organized Crime -- Organized Labor -- Ovington, Mary White -- Owen, Chandler -- Owens, Major -- Page, Clarence -- Paige, Rod -- Paige, Satchel -- Pan-African Conference, London -- Pan-African Congresses, Paris and London -- Pan-Africanism -- Park, Robert E -- Parker, Charles -- Parks, Gordon, Sr -- Parks, Henry -- Parks, Rosa -- Parsons, Richard -- Passing -- Paterson, David A -- Patrick, Deval -- Patterson, William -- Patton, Charlie -- Payton, Walter -- Peabody Education Fund -- Peace Movements, International -- Peacock Records -- Pennsylvania -- Peonage -- Petry, Ann -- Phelps-Stokes Fund -- Philadelphia -- Philanthropy -- Photography and photographers -- Phylon -- Pickett, William -- Pittsburgh Courier -- Plessy v Ferguson and segregation -- Poitier, Sidney -- Political Participation -- Political Parties And Civil Rights -- Politics And Politicians -- Pollard, Fritz -- Poll Taxes -- Poor Peoples Campaign -- Populist Party -- Port Chicago Naval Magazine Explosion -- Porter, Dorothy -- Poussaint, Alvin -- Poverty, Culture Of -- Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr -- Powell, Adam Clayton, Sr -- Powell, Colin -- Prairie View A & M University -- Pratt, Geronimo -- Price, Leontyne -- Pride, Charley -- Primus, Pearl -- Prince -- Prisoners Rights And Reform Movements -- Professional Organizations, African American -- Progressive National Baptist Convention -- Progressive Party (1948) -- Prohibition and temperance -- Prophet, Nancy Elizabeth -- Pryor, Richard -- Public Assistance -- Public Enemy -- Quakers -- Quarles, Benjamin -- Queen Latifah -- Race, theories of -- Racial Profiling -- Racism -- Radicalism -- Radio -- Radio and television stations, African American -- Ragtime -- Railroad Segregation -- Raines, Franklin -- Rainey, Ma -- Randolph, A Philip -- Rangel, Charles -- Reagan, Ronald, Administration of -- Redman, Joshua -- Reed, Ishmael -- Reggae -- Reid, Ira De Augustine -- Religion -- Religious communities and practices -- Reparations -- Republican Party -- Republic Of New Afrika -- Restrictive Covenants -- Rhode Island -- Rhythm and Blues -- Rice, Condoleezza -- Rice, Jerry -- Richards, Lloyd -- Rickey, Wesley Branch -- Riggs, Marlon -- Riles, Wilson -- Riots and rebellions -- Overview -- Riots during World War I -- Riots of 1919 -- Riots during World War II -- Riots and rebellions of the 1960s -- Roach, Max -- Roberts, Marcus -- Robeson, Paul -- Robinson, Bill -- Robinson, Eddie -- Robinson, Frank -- Robinson, Jackie -- Robinson, Max -- Robinson, Randall -- Robinson, Ruby Doris Smith -- Rock, Chris -- Rodney King Riots -- Rogers, Joel Augustus -- Rollins, Sonny -- Roosevelt, Eleanor, and African Americans -- Roosevelt, Franklin D, Administration of -- Roosevelt, Theodore, Administration of -- Roots -- Rowan, Carl T -- Rudolph, Wilma G -- Ruffin, Josephine St Pierre -- Run DMC -- Russell, Bill -- Rustin, Bayard -- Saar, Alison -- Saar, Betye -- Saint Louis -- Sampson, Edith -- Sanchez, Sonia -- Sanders, Barry -- San Francisco -- Savage, Augusta -- Sayers, Gale -- Schmoke, Kurt -- Schomburg, Arthur A -- Schomburg Center For Research in Black Culture -- Schuyler, George Samuel -- Science and scientists -- Scott, Emmett J -- Scott-Heron, Gil -- Scottsboro Incident -- Seale, Bobby -- Segregation -- Segregation in Federal Government -- September 11 -- Sexuality -- Shabazz, Betty -- Shakur, Assata -- Shakur, Tupac -- Shange, Ntozake -- Sharecropping -- Sharpton, Al -- Shaw, Bernard -- Shuttlesworth, Fred L -- Simmons, Russell -- Simmons, Ruth -- Simone, Nina -- Simpson, O J, trial of -- Sims, Naomi -- Single-parent households -- Singleton, John -- Sissle, Noble -- Sit-Ins -- Sixteenth Street Baptist Church -- Slater Fund -- Smiley, Tavis -- Smith, Anna Deavere -- Smith, Barbara -- Smith, Bessie -- Smith, Emmett -- Smith, Will -- Smith V Allwright -- Snipes, Wesley -- Socialist Party -- Social sciences and Civil Rights -- Sororities, University And College -- Soul Food -- Soul Music -- Souls Of The Black Folk -- South Carolina -- South Dakota -- Southern Christian Leadership Conference -- Southern Conference For Human Welfare -- Southern Education Board -- Southern politics and race -- Southern Poverty Law Center -- Southern Regional Council -- Southern University -- Southern Workman -- Sowell, Thomas -- Space Program, U S, African Americans In -- Spanish-American War -- Spelman College -- Spingarn, Arthur Barnett -- Spingarn, Joel Elias -- Spirituals -- Sports -- College and Amateur Sports -- Professional Sports -- Springfield, Illinois, Riot -- Stereotypes of African Americans -- Still, William Grant -- Stokes, Carl B -- Stokes, Louis -- Storey, Moorfield -- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -- Sullivan, Louis -- Sundown Towns -- Sun Ra -- Sun Records -- Supreme Court -- Supremes -- Sutton, Percy -- Sweatt v Painter -- Sweet, Ossian -- Taft, William Howard, Administration of -- Talented Tenth -- Tanner, Henry Ossawa -- Taylor, Susan -- Technology and engineering -- Television -- Temptations -- Tennessee -- Tennessee State University -- Tennis -- Terrell, Mary Church -- Texas -- Texas Southern University -- Theater -- Thomas, Clarence -- Thornton, Willie Mae -- Thurgood Marshall Law School -- Thurman, Howard -- Thurman, Wallace -- Thurmond, Strom -- Till, Emmett, lynching of -- Tolson, Melvin -- Toomer, Jean -- To Secure These Rights -- Towns, Edolphus -- Track and field -- Trotter, William Monroe -- Truman, Harry S, Administration of -- Tulsa Riot -- Turner, Henry M -- Turner, Tina -- Tuskegee Airmen -- Tuskegee experiment -- Tuskegee Farmers Conference -- Tuskegee Institute -- Tuskegee Model Abroad -- Tyler, Ralph W -- Tyson, Mike.;Volume 2: -- Dallas -- Dance -- Dance Theatre of Harlem -- Dandridge, Dorothy -- Dash, Damon -- Davis, Angela -- Davis, Benjamin J, Jr -- Davis, Benjamin O, Jr -- Davis, Benjamin O, Sr -- Davis, John P -- Davis, Miles -- Davis, Ossie -- Davis, Sammy, Jr -- Deacons for Defense and Justice -- Decarava, Roy -- Dee, Ruby -- Delany, Hubert T -- Delaware -- Dellums, Ronald V -- Democratic Party -- Demographics -- De Priest, Oscar -- Desegregation and Integration -- Overview -- Armed Forces -- Higher Education -- Public Education -- Professional Athletics -- Detroit -- Detroit Riots -- Detroit Riots Of 1943 -- Detroit Riots Of 1967 -- Dexter Avenue Baptist Church -- Diggs, Charles -- Dillard University -- Dinkins, David -- Discrimination -- Disfranchisement of African Americans -- Divine, Father -- Dixiecrat Party -- Dixon, Julian -- Dixon, Thomas, Jr -- Doby, Lawrence Eugene -- Domino, Fats -- Douglas, Aaron -- Douglass, Frederick, in American memory -- Dove, Rita -- Drake, St Clair -- Dr Dre -- Drew, Charles Richard -- Drugs -- Du Bois, Shirley Graham -- Du Bois, W E B -- Life and career -- Historical writing -- Literary writing -- Dunbar, Paul Laurence -- Dunbar-Nelson, Alice -- Dunham, Katherine -- Dunjee, Roscoe -- Dyer Antilynching Bill -- Dymally, Mervyn -- East Saint Louis Riot -- Ebenezer Church -- Ebony -- Economic Life -- Edelman, Marian Wright -- Edison, Harry -- Education -- Educators and Academics -- Edwards, Harry -- Edwards, Harry -- Eisenhower, Dwight D, Administration of -- Elder, Lee -- Elderly -- Elders, Joycelyn -- Ellington, Duke -- Ellison, Ralph -- Emperor Jones -- Encyclopedia of the Negro -- Entertainment industry and African Americans -- Entrepreneurship -- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission -- Espy, Michael -- Eugenics Movement -- Europe, James Reese -- Evers, Charles -- Evers, Medgar Wylie -- Evers, -Williams, Myrlie -- Executive Order 8802 -- Executive Order 9981 -- Expatriates -- Fair Employment Practices Commission -- Fair Housing Act -- Family -- Farmer, James -- Farmers and land ownership -- Farr, Mel -- Farrakhan, Louis -- Fauntroy, Walter -- Fauset, Jessie Redmon -- Federal Bureau Of Investigation -- Feminism -- Ferguson, Roger -- Film and filmmakers -- Film and television depictions of African Americans -- Fire!! -- Fishburne, Laurence -- Fisher, Rudolph -- Fisk Jubilee Singers -- Fisk University -- Fitzgerald, Ella -- Flake, Floyd -- Fletcher, Arthur -- Flipper, Henry Ossian -- Florida -- Florida A & M University -- Folklore -- Football -- Ford, Gerald, Administration of -- Ford, Harold, Jr -- Ford, Harold, Sr -- Foreign Policy -- Foreman, George -- Forman, James -- Fortune, Timothy Thomas -- Foster, Rube -- France -- Frank, Leo -- Franklin, Aretha Louise -- Franklin, C L -- Franklin, John Hope -- Franks, Gary -- Fraternal Organizations, African American -- Fraternities, University and College -- Frazier, E Franklin -- Freedom Rides -- Freedomways -- Freeman, Morgan -- Fudge, Ann -- Fuller, Meta Warrick -- Gans, Joe -- Gantt, Harvey -- Garvey, Marcus -- Gates, Henry Louis, Jr -- Gaye, Marvin -- Gender -- Genealogy -- General Education Board -- Georgia -- Gibson, Althea -- Gibson, Bob -- Gibson, Joshua -- Gillespie, Dizzy -- Gillespie, Marcia -- Giovanni, Nikki -- Glover, Danny -- Glover, Savion -- Goldberg, Whoopi -- Golf -- Goode, Wilson -- Gordon, Dexter -- Gordone, Charles -- Gordy, Berry, Jr -- Gospel Music -- Grambling State University -- Grandfather Clause -- Grandmaster Flash -- Graves, Earl G -- Great Depression -- Great Migration -- Great Migration, second -- Gregory, Dick -- Grier, Pam -- Griffey, Ken, Jr -- Griffith-Joyner, Florence -- Griggs, Sutton E -- Grimke, Angelina Weld -- Grimke, Archibald Henry -- Grimke, Francis James -- Guess Whos Coming To Dinner -- Guinier, Lani -- Gulf War -- Guy, Rosa -- Gwynn, Tony -- Hair and beauty culture -- Haiti -- Haley, Alex -- Hamer, Fannie Lou -- Hampton, Fred -- Hampton, Henry -- Hampton, Lionel -- Hampton Institute -- Hampton Negro Conferences -- Hancock, Herbie -- Handy, W C -- Hansberry, Lorraine -- Harding, Warren G, Administration of -- Harlem -- Harlem Globetrotters -- Harlem Hell Fighters -- Harlem Renaissance -- Harlem Riots -- Harlem Riots of 1935 -- Harlem Riots of 1943 -- Harlem Riots of 1964 -- Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins -- Harris, Abram, Jr -- Harris, E Lynn -- Harris, Joel Chandler -- Harris, Patricia Roberts -- Harvard, Beverly -- Hastie, William Henry -- Hastings, Alcee -- Hatcher, Richard -- Hate Crimes -- Hate Groups -- Hate Speech -- Hawaii -- Hayden, Palmer -- Hayes, Isaac -- Hayes, Rutherford B -- Haywood, Harry -- Head Start -- Health and medicine -- Hedgeman, Anna A -- Height, Dorothy -- Hemphill, Essex -- Henderson, Fletcher Hamilton, Jr -- Hendrix, Jimi -- Henry, Aaron -- Herman, Alexis -- Herndon, Angelo, case of -- Herskovits, Melville -- Higginbotham, A Leon, Jr -- Higher Education -- Highlander Folk School -- Hightower, Dennis -- Hill, Oliver W -- Hilliard, Earl -- Hip Hop -- Historians -- Historically Black Colleges and Universities -- Historiography -- Holiday, Billie -- Homelessness -- Homosexuality and transgenderism -- Hooker, John Lee -- Hooks, Bell -- Hooks, Benjamin -- Hoover, Herbert, Administration of -- Hope, John -- Hopkins, Sam Lightnin -- Horizon -- Horne, Lena -- Horseracing -- Hose, Sam, lynching of -- House, Son -- Houston, Charles Hamilton -- Houston, Whitney -- Houston -- Houston Informer -- Houston Mutiny -- Howard University -- Howlin Wolf -- Hudlin, Warrington and Reggie -- Hughes, Langston -- Hughes Brothers -- Hunter, Alberta -- Hunter-Gault, Charlayne -- Hunton, Alphaeus -- Hurricane Katrina -- Hurston, Zora Neale -- Hutson, Jean Blackwell -- Ice Cube -- Idaho -- Identity -- Ifill, Gwen -- Illinois -- Immigrants and African Americans -- Immigration to the United States, Black -- Indiana -- Indianapolis Freeman -- Industrial Education Movement -- Industrialization and deindustrialization -- Innis, Roy -- Insurance Companies, African American-owned -- Intellectuals -- Intelligence tests -- Internet -- Iowa -- Iraq War.;From the Publisher: Focusing on the making of African American society from the 1896 separate but equal ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson up to the contemporary period, this encyclopedia traces the transition from the Reconstruction Era to the age of Jim Crow, the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Migration, the Brown ruling that overturned Plessy, the Civil Rights Movement, and the ascendant influence of African American culture on the American cultural landscape. Covering African American history in all areas of U.S. history and culture from 1896 to the present, the Encyclopedia contains approximately 1,200 fully cross-referenced entries that are all signed by leading scholars and experts, making this five-volume set the most reliable and extensive treatment to be found on African American history in the twentieth century. The set also contains 500 images and roughly 640 biographies, as well as an entry on each of the fifty states. In addition to its comprehensive coverage of African Americans, the Encyclopedia also contains entries about key figures who affected the lives of African Americans in particular and Americans in general. Unrivalled in breadth and scope, this is the preeminent source of information on this topic and is destined to become a trusted reference source for years to come.;Volume 5: -- Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics -- United Negro College Fund -- Universal Negro Improvement Association -- Up From Slavery -- Urbanization -- Utah -- VanDerZee, James A -- Vann, Robert L -- Vaudeville, African Americans in -- Vaughan, Sarah -- Vermont -- Vietnam War -- Villard, Oswald Garrison -- Violence Against African Americans -- Virginia -- Visual Arts -- Voting Rights -- Voting Rights Act -- Waco Lynching -- Walker, ALelia -- Walker, Alice -- Walker, Madam, C J -- Walker, Margaret -- Walker, Wyatt Tee -- Wallace, George -- Waller, Fats -- Ward, Clara, and the Ward Singers -- War On Poverty -- Washington, Booker T -- Washington, Denzel -- Washington, Forrester -- Washington, Harold -- Washington, Kenny -- Washington, Margaret James Murray -- Washington, DC -- Washington, DC, Riot -- Washington Bee -- Washington-Du Bois Conflict -- Washington State -- Waters, Ethel -- Waters, Maxine -- Waters, Muddy -- Watts, Andre -- Watts, J C -- Weaver, Robert C -- Wells-Barnett, Ida B -- West, Cornel -- West, Dorothy -- West Indians in the United States -- West Virginia -- Wharton, Clifton -- White, Lulu -- White, Walter -- Life and career -- Novels and other writings -- White Citizens Council -- Whiteness -- White Primary -- White Supremacy -- Wideman, John Edgar -- Wilberforce University -- Wilder, Douglas -- Wiley College -- Wilkins, Roy O -- Williams, Bert -- Williams, Fannie Barrier -- Williams, George Washington -- Williams, Robert F -- Williams, Samuel Laing -- Williams, Serena -- Williams, Venus -- Williams v Mississippi -- Wilmington, North Carolina, Riot -- Wilson, August -- Wilson, William Julius -- Wilson, Woodrow, Administration of -- Winfield, Dave -- Winfrey, Oprah -- Wisconsin -- Women -- Womens Clubs -- Womens Suffrage -- Wonder, Stevie -- Woodruff, Hale -- Woods, Tiger -- Woodson, Carter G -- Work, Monroe N -- Work -- Works Progress Administration Slave Narratives -- Worlds Columbian Exposition -- World War I -- World War I And African American Women -- World War II -- World War II and African American Women -- Wright, Richard -- Wu-Tang Clan -- Wyoming -- Xavier University Of Louisiana -- Yerby, Frank -- Young, Andrew -- Young, Charles -- Young, Coleman -- Young, Lester -- Young, Whitney.;List Of Entries -- Volume 1: -- Aaron, Hank -- Abernathy, Ralph David -- Abu-Jamal, Mumia -- Abyssinian Baptist Church -- Actors and actresses -- Adoption -- Affirmative Action -- Africa, idea of -- African blood brotherhood -- African Diaspora -- African Liberation Support Committee -- Afro-American Council -- Afrocentrism -- Agriculture and agricultural labor -- AIDS -- Ailey, Alvin -- Alabama -- Alabama State University -- Alaska -- Albany Movement -- Alcorn State University -- Ali, Muhammad -- Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater -- AME Church -- AME Church review -- Amenia Conferences -- Amenia Conference of 1916 -- Amenia Conference of 1933 -- American Colonization Society -- American dilemma -- American Negro Academy -- American Negro Labor Congress -- AME Zion Church -- Amos n Andy -- Amsterdam news -- Anderson, Charles William -- Anderson, Eddie -- Anderson, Marian -- Angelou, Maya -- Anna T Jeanes Fund -- Antiapartheid -- Anticommunism and civil rights -- Antilynching campaign -- Antiwar movement, Vietnam -- Apollo theater -- Aptheker, Herbert -- Architects and architecture -- Arizona -- Arkansas -- Armstrong, Louis -- Asante, Molefi -- Ashe, Arthur -- Associated Negro Press -- Association for the study of African American life and history -- Astronauts -- Atlanta -- Atlanta exposition address (Atlanta compromise) -- Atlantia Life Insurance Company -- Atlanta riot -- Atlanta University -- Atlanta world -- Baker, Ella -- Baker, Josephine -- Baker, Ray Stannard -- Baldwin, James -- Baltimore -- Baltimore Afro-American -- Bambara, Toni Cade -- Banks, Ernie -- Banks, Tyra -- Banks, African American-owned -- Baptist Church, African Americans and -- Baraka, Amiri -- Barbershops -- Barnett, Ferdinand L -- Barry, Marion -- Barthe, Richmond -- Baseball -- Negro Leagues -- Integrated professional baseball -- Basie, Count -- Basketball -- Basquiat, Jean-Michel -- Bass, Charlotta -- Bassett, Angela -- Bates, Daisy Lee -- Bearden, Romare -- Belafonte, Harry -- Bell, Cool Papa -- Bell, Derrick -- Belton, Sharon Sayles -- Benevolent Societies -- Benga, Ota -- Bennett, Gwendolyn -- Bennett, Lerone -- Berry, Chuck -- Berry, Halle -- Berry, Mary F -- Bethune, Mary McLeod -- Bethune-Cookman College -- Beyonce -- Biggers, John -- Bing, Dave -- Birmingham campaign -- Birth of a nation -- Birth of a race -- Black Arts Movement -- Black Cabinets -- Black Capitalism -- Black Church -- Black Coaches Association -- Black Entertainment Television -- Black-Jewish Relations -- Black Liberation Army -- Black Migration -- Black Nationalism -- Black Panther Party -- Black Politics -- Black Power Movement -- Black Press -- Black Radical Congress -- Black Star Line -- Black Studies -- Black Towns -- Black Workers Congress -- Black Workers For Justice -- Blake, Eubie -- Blakey, Art -- Blaxploitation Films -- Blige, Mary J -- Blues -- Boas, Franz -- Bo Diddley -- Bond, Horace Mann -- Bond, Julian -- Bonds, Barry -- Bontemps, Arna -- Boston -- Boston Guardian -- Boston Riot -- Boxing -- Bradley, Ed -- Bradley, Tom -- Braithwaite, William Stanley -- Branton, Wiley -- Brawley, Benjamin -- Briggs, Cyril -- Brimmer, Andrew F -- Broadcast Industry, African Americans in the -- Brooke, Edward -- Brookins, H Hartford -- Brooks, Gwendolyn -- Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters -- Brown, Charlotte Hawkins -- Brown, Clarence -- Brown, H Rap -- Brown, James -- Brown, Jim -- Brown, Lee -- Brown, Ron -- Brown, Sterling -- Brown, Tony -- Brown, Willie -- Brownies book -- Brownsville Raid -- Brown v Board of education -- Broyard, Anatole -- Bryant, Kobe -- Buchann v Warley -- Bullins, Ed -- Bumstead, Horace -- Bunche, Ralph Johnson -- Burnham, Louis -- Burns, Haywood -- Burrell Communications -- Bush, George H W, Administration of -- Bush George W, Administration of -- Butler, Octavia -- Butts, Calvin -- California -- Campanella, Roy -- Caribbean -- Carmichael, Stokely -- Carnegie Corporation -- Carnegie Hall Conference -- Carroll, Diahann -- Carson, Benjamin -- Carter, Benny -- Carter, Betty -- Carter, Jimmy, Administration of -- Carter, Robert -- Carter, Ron -- Cartoonists -- Carver, George Washington -- Catlett, Elizabeth -- Chamberlain, Wilt -- Chambers, Julius -- Charitable Institutions, African American -- Charles, Ray -- Charleston, Oscar -- Chase, W Calvin -- Chase-Riboud, Barbara -- Chavis-Muhammad, Benjamin -- Chenault, Kenneth -- Chesnutt, Charles W -- Cheyney University of Pennsylvania -- Chicago -- Chicago Defender -- Chicago Riot -- Childhood -- Childress, Alice -- Childress, Alvin -- China -- Chisholm, Shirley -- Chitlin Circuit -- Choreographers -- Church, Robert R -- Church of God in Christ -- Civil Disobedience -- Civil Rights -- Civil Rights, International -- Civil Rights, State Actions and -- Civil Rights, White Responses and Resistance to -- Civil Rights Act of 1957 -- Civil Rights Act of 1960 -- Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- Civil Rights and the media -- Civil Rights Movement -- Clansman -- Clark, Mamie Phipps and Kenneth -- Clark, Septima -- Clark Atlanta University -- Clarke, John Henrik -- Class -- Clay, William, Sr -- Cleage, Albert and Pearl -- Cleaver, Eldridge -- Cleaver, Kathleen Neal -- Clemente, Roberto -- Cleveland -- Cleveland, Grover, Administration of -- Clifton, Lucille -- Clinton, Bill, Administration of -- CME Church -- Coalition of Black Trade Unionists -- Cobb, Charles, Sr and Charles Cobb Jr -- Cochran, Johnnie -- Cointelpro -- Cold War -- Cole, Bob -- Cole, Johnnetta -- Cole, Nat King -- Collectibles, Black -- Collins, Cardiss -- Colorado -- Colored American Magazine -- Coltrane, John -- Combs, Sean -- Comedians -- Comer, James -- Commission On Interracial Cooperation -- Committee Of Twelve -- Communism and African Americans -- Composers -- Conductors and Bandleaders -- Congress, African Americans in -- Congressional Black Caucus -- Congress, of African People -- Congress of Racial Equality -- Connecticut -- Connerly, Ward -- Conservatism And Conservatives, Black -- Constitution, US -- Conyers, John -- Cook, Will Marion -- Cooke, Sam -- Coolidge, Calvin, Administration of -- Cooper, Anna J -- Cortez, Jayne -- Cosby, Bill -- Cotton Club -- Council on African Affairs -- Craft, Juanita -- Criminal Justice -- Crisis, The: A Record Of The Darker Races -- Crocker, Frankie -- Crockett, George -- Crothers, Scatman -- Crown Heights Riot -- Crummell, Alexander -- Cruse, Harold Wright -- Cruz, Celia -- Cullen, Countee.

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Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks go to the Herscher Area - photo 1
Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks go to the Herscher Area Historical Society and Museum; Mary Michals of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library in Springfield; Betty Schatz and the Kankakee Public Library; the staff of the Kankakee Community College Library; Jeff Ruetsche of Arcadia Publishing; William Furry, executive director of the Illinois State Historical Society; Nancy Fike and the McHenry County Historical Society and Museum; the Dwight Museum; the Kankakee County Museum in Governor Small Memorial Park; and to Nancy (Sawyer) Wagner, Mary Haviland, and Paul Roeder. Thanks also goes to Bill Schaub and Jeff Thompson, managers of the Walgreens stores in Kankakee; Jack and Paula Goodwin of Paperback Reader in Kankakee; the Villages of Campus and Herscher; Campus State Bank; and State Bank of Herscher for their continued support of local history. Thanks to top journalists Rich Miller, Tom Roeser, Chuck Goudie, Steve Sanders, Eric Zorn, Bernie Schoenburg, and others for their reviews and encouragement. Research came from books listed in the bibliography on page 127 and from the microfilm and online files of the Chicago Tribune , Kankakee Daily Republican , Kankakee Daily News , Time magazine, and other sources.

The Kankakee County Museum and the Kankakee County Historical Society, other than providing research materials upon request, has not in any other manner participated in the preparation of this publication. It has not been consulted, nor had any part in formulating any interpretations or scholarly arguments that the author has felt justified in forming from any research materials acquired from the artifact, archival, and photographic collections of the Kankakee County Museum.


Unless otherwise noted, the images in this volume appear courtesy of the following:


ALPLMAbraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
CHM-DNChicago History Museum- Chicago Daily News collection
HAHSMHerscher Area Historical Society and Museum
KCMPCKankakee County Museum Photographic Collection
KPLKankakee Public Library
KCCKankakee Community College
JRJim Ridings collection

POSTSCRIPT

The reader may be wondering how any of these infamous Illinois politicians ever got elected. Governor Smalls luck is explained in a January 22, 1924, Chicago Tribune editorial:

Maybe his bad record is a help to him. Sometimes we think it is a vote-getter for him. It is so bad it is unbelievable. When the truth is told, people say it cannot be so, and that there must be a vicious reason behind the telling of it.

Some of the women are just discovering that he pardoned out of the penitentiary a man and woman sent there for pandering (white slavery). Small will say that he was protecting them from injustice and some people will believe that, because they cannot believe he would let a pair of convicted panders out. His explanation of having the packers notes, of the nonexistent Grant Park Bank, and the disappearance of the interest the packers paid is ridiculous. People may believe him, reasoning to themselves that the truth cannot be true, it is so bad.

SELECTED READING

Angle, Paul M. Bloody Williamson . New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952.

Bergreen, Laurence. Capone, The Man and the Era . New York: Touchstone, 1994.

Binder, John J. The Chicago Outfit . Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2003.

Howard, Robert P. Mostly Good And Competent Men . Springfield, IL: University of Illinois, Institute For Public Affairs, 1988.

Keefe, Rose. The Man Who Got Away: The Bugs Moran Story . Nashville: Cumberland House, 2005.

. Guns And Roses: The Untold Story of Dean OBanion, Chicagos Big Shot Before Al Capone . Nashville: Cumberland House, 2003.

Kobler, John. Capone: The Life and World of Al Capone . New York: DaCapo Press, 1971.

Lyle, John L. The Dry And Lawless Years . New York: Prentice-Hall, 1960.

Nash, Jay Robert. World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime . New York: DaCapo Press, 1989.

Ridings, Jim. Len Small: Governors and Gangsters . Herscher, IL: Side Show Books, 2009.

. Wild Kankakee . Herscher, IL: Side Show Books, 2011.

Schoenberg, Robert J. Mr. Capone: The Real and Complete Story of Al Capone . New York: Quill, 1992.

Wendt, Lloyd, and Herman Kogan. Big Bill of Chicago . New York, Bobbs-Merrill, 1953.

Wooddy, Carroll H. The Case of Frank L. Smith: A Study In Representative Government . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931.

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ORGANIZED CRIME ORGANIZES

GAMBLING AND GIRLS

While it was Prohibition in the 1920s that really allowed small-time gangs to become major crime families, gangs in Chicago already were very well organized and professional before that era. Criminals started organizing almost from the time Chicago was founded. Gambling and prostitution flourished from the start, and they were the first industries to rebuild after the great fire of 1871. Michael McDonald became the king of the gambling rackets in the 1880s, and the Levee District in the First Ward became a cesspool of prostitution, gambling, and other vices by the 1890s. Mont Tennes followed McDonald as the head of the gambling rackets, while Big Jim Colosimo took organized crime to a higher level.

Chicagos First Ward aldermen Bathhouse John Coughlin and Hinky Dink Kenna solidified the partnership between crime bosses and politicians in the 1890s. Their criminal-political machine was based on graft and protection money from the saloons, brothels, and gambling halls of the Levee. To hold onto their power, Kenna introduced chain voting, where premarked ballots were taken to polls by election workers who continued until enough ballots were cast to make their candidate a winner.

Coughlin and Kenna were succeeded by a long list of Mob-connected politicians, continuing to the present era. A recent graduate was First Ward alderman Fred Roti. His father, Bruno the Bomber Roti, worked for Al Capone. The FBI called Fred Roti a made member of the Mob who ran the rackets, bribed judges, and eventually went to prison. Roti died in 1999 and is buried in Mount Carmel Cemetery, not far from Al Capones grave.

Bathhouse John above left and Hinky Dink Kenna above right helped Big Jim - photo 3

Bathhouse John (above, left) and Hinky Dink Kenna (above, right) helped Big Jim Colosimo get his start. Colosimo owned a famous nightclub where celebrities, politicians, and others from Chicagos elite gathered. Colosimo and his wife, Victoria (whom he dumped for showgirl Dana Wynter, at left), also owned as many as 200 brothels, many of them in the Levee District. He collected from the brothels to pay off the politicians and police. Colosimos pimps and prostitutes worked the polls on election days. The brutal Colosimo also practiced white slavery, luring innocent women into forced prostitution. (All KCC.)

Johnny Torrio came to Chicago from New York when Colosimo called him Torrio - photo 4
Johnny Torrio came to Chicago from New York when Colosimo called him Torrio - photo 5
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