For the efforts of teachers who drum history into students heads in countless classroomseven when the students do not think they are listening.
INTRODUCTION
Whats All the Fuss About?
The men and women profiled in this book compose a hall of fame of patriots and heroes of the American Revolution. While you may think youve heard all there is to hear about them before, you havent. The stories in this book are not the typical tales readers are used to hearing about the Founding Fathers and the other people who worked behind the scenes to carry out their revolution.
These offbeat profiles are what make this book unique. More importantly, theyll give you a new perspective on the men and women who founded the country. The founders portrayed here were not always as moral and upright as some histories present them. They had foibles and idiosyncrasies. Thats what made them humanand explains why they sometimes acted bizarrely, lived lives of luxury while the country struggled to feed and clothe its army, engaged in scandalous extramarital affairs, etc.
While he was president of the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, John Hancock rode around town in an exquisitely decorated chariot, accompanied by fifty armed horsemen and several servants. Benjamin Franklin often defied social mores. In Paris, he played chess late into the night with a close friend of his, a much-younger woman named Madame Brillon de Jouy (17441824), while she lay in her bath. Silas Deane may have been murdered, although no one will ever know for sure because his body was buried in an unmarked grave in England and never repatriated. Deborah Sampson was a male impersonator. These are the stories that make this book required reading if youre trying to gain insights into the real personalities of the men and women who created the United States.
Each profile includes a summary of the patriots life, his or her contributions and achievements, and sidebars that highlight unusual or little-known information. The profiles are listed in alphabetical order because no one was more important than anyone else. All of the people included were instrumental in creating the republic we live in without regard to whose contributions were more significant on a scale of one to ten. includes a brief description of the three Acts of King George III and Parliament that inflamed American patriots and spurred them to seek their independence from Britain.
Quotations to Live (and Die) By!
G EORGE THE T HIRD
O UGHT NEVER TO HAVE OCCURRED.
O NE CAN ONLY WONDER
A T SO GROTESQUE A BLUNDER.
E DMUND C LERIHEW B ENTLEY , B RITISH POET
In these pages, youll find thinkers and doers, the people who wrote the Constitution, the people who fought to protect it, and the people who upheld it. They include statesmen, spies, scalawags, and soldiers. They came from all walks of life. In the face of hostile laws enacted by the British sovereign, and at great risk to their lives and liberty, they were united in a single purpose: to form an independent United States of America.
ABIGAIL ADAMS
Weymouth, Massachusetts
November 11, 1744October 28, 1818
A Woman Ahead of Her Time
Abigail Adams was unique for her time. She was an independent, forward-thinking woman who established a reputation in her own right as a strong, early advocate for womens rights before it was fashionable. She served as a valued adviser to her husband, John Adams, the second president of the United States, on matters of government and politics. Adams also wrote a number of letters that provide contemporary readers with a firsthand account of the Revolutionary War. As First Lady, she was the first to serve as an attack dog for a president, never hesitating to come to her husbands defense regardless of who was criticizing him. She set a precedent for women seeking a contributory role in American society, which separated her from the majority of her female contemporaries and established her own role in history as a womens rights pioneer.
Adamss Youth
Abigail Adams, like most girls of her era, was educated at home. She had a significant advantage over many of the other girls, though. Her father, William Smith, a Congregationalist minister, had a large private library, as did many ministers of the era, who were often the best-educated individuals in eighteenth-century America.
So did her mothers father, John Quincy, who was a member of the colonial governors council and a militia colonel. The two men instilled in her a love for esoteric subjects such as philosophy, theology, ancient history, government, and law.
Adams was a straight-laced young lady in her youth. By her own admission she did not sing, dance, or play cards. For amusement she read and wrote letters to friends and relatives. Those activities helped prepare her for her life with John, whom she met at her sister Marys wedding in 1759.
Their courtship was slow. They were married by her father on October 25, 1764, when she was nineteen years old and he was just five days shy of his twenty-ninth birthday. John and Abigail had their first child, named Abigail (or Nabby), slightly less than nine months later. Their second child, John Quincy, was born two years later. Altogether, they had three sons and two daughters.