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Women Changing the World

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Contents

Madeleine Albright

First woman to become U.S. secretary of state

Before I became secretary of state, when I was teaching at Georgetown University, I always told my female students to be prepared to speak and to interrupt when necessary. When I walked into my first meeting of the United Nations Security Council, there were 15 seats and 14 menall looking at me.

I thought, Well, I dont think Ill talk today. I dont know who everybody is I want to figure out if they like me, and I want to kind of get a feeling for things. Even though I had advised all of my female students to speak, I myself hesitated. You are worried that whatever you say could sound stupid. Then some man says it and everybody thinks its brilliant, and you think, Why did I not talk? That day, I looked down at the table and saw a plaque that read THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. And I thought, If I do not speak today, the voice of the United States will not be heard. When I finally did speak, it was the first time that I represented the country of my naturalization, the place where I belonged.

I went to an all-girls high school, which I loved, and then to Wellesley, which continues to be a premier college. There were periods of my life when I was not sure if I would be able to carry out the desires that I had when I was in college. I had twin daughters when I was 24they were born prematurelyand I initially stayed at home with them. But as much as I loved being a mother, I could not figure out why I had gone to college just to figure out how to get them in and out of the apartment or give them baths. I went through a time when I did not see any value in what I had done.

When I stepped off the platform after accepting my B.A. degree, I was confident that I was stepping into one or a series of interesting jobs. It was not the life of a career girl I was after, exactly. I was already up to my ears in plans for my wedding, three days hence. Still, I believed that in the natural course of events it would not be difficult to find interesting work that fit in with my political-science major. Two years later, Im obsolete. Now it seems incomprehensibly naive for me to have thought a woman could compete on an equal basis with men for interesting jobs.

My desire had been to become a journalist. I worked on my college newspaper as an editor, and while my husband was in the Army I worked at a small newspaper in Missouri. When we moved back to Chicago, where my husband already had a job as a journalist, we were having dinner with his managing editor, who said, So what are you going to do, honey? And I said, Im going to work at a newspaper.

He responded, I dont think so. You cant work at the same paper as your husband because of labor regulations. I mentioned that there were three other papers in Chicago at the time, but he said, You wouldnt want to compete with your husband. I know what you are thinking, and I know what I would say now. But at the time I simply saluted and went to find another life.

Other women were very critical of me when I was in graduate school, saying things like, Wouldnt it be better if you were in the carpool line instead of the library? And that my hollandaise sauce was not as good as theirs. We have to give each other space to be able to do what makes us feel that we are responsible and helping others, and doing what we want to be doing. We need to support each other in the lives that we have chosen. Men do not do that to each other, in terms of projecting their own ideas of weakness. Women need to take advantage of being women.

Albright served as U.S. ambassador to the U.N. from 1993 to 1997 and U.S. secretary of state from 1997 to 2001.

Mary Barra

First woman to become CEO of a major car company

My first job was at a grocery store, where I learned about commitment to work. My father had an almost 40-year career at General Motors, and he encouraged me to pursue STEM. My mother taught me, Whatever youre going to do, do it well. My parents were raised during the Great Depressionthey had a strong work ethic and believed in the American dream.

People have a perception of the auto industry as being a traditional organization, but 20 years ago, there were leaders encouraging women to take challenging assignments. I have never felt that there was a glass ceiling at General Motors. Research has shown that women will look at a new role and say, Well, I can do these five things, but there are two areas where I dont have experience, so maybe I shouldnt nominate myself. Men seem to say, Hey, I can do five of the seven, I should definitely put myself forward! Im extremely proud of how many women we have in significant roles at General Motors, and its work that started decades ago by developing a pipeline of people who were encouraged, mentored and given stretch assignments.