Peter Lippman - Surviving the Peace: The Struggle for Postwar Recovery in Bosnia-Herzegovina

SURVIVING THE PEACE

Peter Lippman

Surviving the Peace

THE STRUGGLE FOR POSTWAR RECOVERY IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY PRESS

Nashville

2019 by Vanderbilt University Press

Nashville, Tennessee 37235

All rights reserved

First printing 2019

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Manufactured in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Lippman, Peter, 1952 author.

Title: Surviving the peace : the struggle for postwar recovery in Bosnia-Herzegovina / Peter Lippman.

Description: Nashville, Tennessee : Vanderbilt University Press, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

Identifiers: LCCN 2019009076 (print) | LCCN 2019014183 (ebook) | ISBN 9780826522634 (ebook) | ISBN 9780826522610 (hardcover : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Bosnia and HerzegovinaHistory1992 | Bosnia and HerzegovinaSocial conditions. | Bosnia and HerzegovinaPolitics and government1992 | Peace-buildingBosnia and Herzegovina. | Human rightsBosnia and Herzegovina.

Classification: LCC DR1750 (ebook) | LCC DR1750 .L57 2019 (print) | DDC 949.74203dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019009076

To my parents, Leopold and Eleanor Lippman

Contents

Pronunciation Guide for Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian Words

Consonants. Most consonants are similar to those in English, except for the following modifications:

Vowels. There are five simple vowels and no diphthongs:

Glossary

ABBREVIATIONS

ARBiH. Army of the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina

BiH. Bosnia-Herzegovina

DISS. Democratic Initiative of Sarajevo Serbs

DM. Deutschmark

DNS. Democratic Peoples Alliance; Prijedor-based party of Marko Pavi, Serb nationalist and collaborator with Milorad Dodik

EU. European Union

HDZ. Croatian Democratic Union

HVO. Croatian Defense Council (Bosnian Croat army)

ICC. International Criminal Court

ICG. International Crisis Group

ICJ. International Court of Justice (World Court)

ICMP. International Commission for Missing Persons

ICRC. International Committee of the Red Cross

ICTY. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

IFOR. (UN wartime) Implementation Force

IPTF. (UN) International Police Task Force

IWPR. Institute for War and Peace Reporting

JNA. Yugoslav Peoples Army

KM. Konvertabilna marka (convertible mark); Bosnian currency, worth about US$0.60US$0.70

MICT. Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals, successor to the ICTY; now International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT)

NIOD. Dutch Institute for War Documentation (Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie)

OHR. Office of the High Representative

OSCE. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

PLIP. Property Law Implementation Plan

RRTF. Return and Reconstruction Task Force

RS. Republika Srpska; Serb-controlled entity in postwar Bosnia

SDA. Party of Democratic Action; leading Muslim nationalist party

SDC. Supreme Defense Council of Serbia

SDP. Social Democratic Party; nonnationalist but dominated by secular Muslims

SDS. Serb Democratic Party; Serb nationalist party that led the Serb separatist movement during the war

SFOR. (UN) Stabilization Force

SIPA. State Investigation and Protection Agency; state-level police body

SNSD. Party of Independent Social Democrats; Bosnian Serb nationalist party led by Milorad Dodik

SRRP. Srebrenica Regional Recovery Programme

SRS. Serbian Radical Party

UNDP. United Nations Development Programme

UNHCR. UN High Command for Refugees

UNPROFOR. (Wartime) UN Protection Force

VRS. (Wartime) Army of the Republika Srpska

VOCABULARY AND PROMINENT NAMES

Bosniak. Bosnian Muslim.

Chetnik. World War II Serb royalists and ultranationalists who ultimately collaborated with Nazis to fight Titos Partisans; their movement was revived in the 1990s.

Dayton agreement. Peace agreement resulting from negotiations overseen by the United States at Dayton, Ohio, signed in Paris in December 1995. Contains annexes covering refugee return; including the Bosnian constitution; and establishing the OHR and other postwar institutions.

Dragan ovi. Leader of the HDZ, Croat nationalist party.

Mirsad Duratovi. Concentration camp survivor, politician, and human rights activist in Prijedor.

Federation. With the Republika Srpska, one of the two entities making up Bosnia-Herzegovina. Formed in 1993 and controlled by Bosnian Croats and Muslims.

Herzegovina. Southern region of Bosnia-Herzegovina, geographically and ethnographically distinct from Bosnia.

Alija Izetbegovi (19252003). Founder and first president of SDA, Bosnian Muslim nationalist party. Leader of Bosnian government and commander of the ARBiH during the war.

Bakir Izetbegovi. Leader of the SDA in the 2010s, son of Alija Izetbegovi.

kafana. Coffeehouse, restaurant, drinking place, social venue.

Radovan Karadi. Serb nationalist founder and wartime leader of the SDS, convicted of genocide and other war crimes.

eljko Komi. Bosnian Croat, leader of the nonnationalist Democratic Front.

Krajina. Northwest region of Bosnia-Herzegovina (part of both entities), overlapping into Croatia.

Ratko Mladi. Commander in chief of the Bosnian Serb army (VRS); convicted of genocide and other war crimes (pending appeal in 2019).

Hasan Nuhanovi. Wartime translator for UNPROFOR in the Srebrenica enclave, author, and activist.