Juan Carlos Villa - International Trade and Transportation Infrastructure Development: Experiences in North America and Europe

1. Tables in Chapter 1
2. Tables in Chapter 2
3. Tables in Chapter 3
4. Tables in Chapter 4
5. Tables in Chapter 5
6. Tables in Chapter 6

1. Figures in Chapter 1
2. Figures in Chapter 2
3. Figures in Chapter 3
4. Figures in Chapter 4
5. Figures in Chapter 5
6. Figures in Chapter 6
7. Figures in Chapter 7

Juan Carlos Villa

Research Scientist and Manager Latin America, Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), Mexico City, Mexico

Maria Boile

Professor, Department of Maritime Studies, University of Piraeus

Director of Research, Hellenic Institute of Transport, Greece

Senior Research Scientist, CAIT, Rutgers University, NJ, United States

Sotiris Theofanis

Chairman and Managing Director of ThPA SA, Port of Thessaloniki, Greece

Senior Research Scientist, CAIT, Rutgers University, NJ, United States

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International trade tripled in the two decades between 1990 and 2010. This expansion is the result of sustained economic growth, as well as a strong increase in economic interdependence among countries, particularly in two trading blocs: North America and the European Union. Consequentially, world trade increased much faster than the transportation infrastructures that handle merchandise trade. Analyzing international trade flows in North America and the European Union, and the related development of transportation infrastructure, I realized that there was no single source of information that has documented how transportation infrastructure is planned, funded, built, and maintained in the three North American countries. This led me to the idea of writing this book with my experience in North America and I invited my colleagues, Maria Boile and Sotiris Theofanis, to enrich the content with European experience. This book also analyzes how supply chains have been evolving to serve trade demand and make better use of existing transportation infrastructure and international regulations.

When I started writing this book, I thought it would be a relatively easy task, given my more than 35 years of experience in the North American transportation sector, having worked in various transportation modes: roadways, rail, maritime, and land ports, as well as in various disciplines including planning, project development, technology implementation, infrastructure privatization, and trade and economic analyses. However, when I started analyzing the details of each topic it was overwhelming. The amount of information I processed and the pace of transformation triggered by recent trade wars, natural disasters, and major infrastructure changes, such as the expansion of the Panama Canal, became a larger task than anticipated.

I was able to conclude this work by defining a cut-off date for data analysis. However, recent events such as Brexit, the new NAFTA, or USMCA, and other events provide ample material for a continuation. I would not have been able to reach this point without the support of my family, particularly my lovely wife Carmen, who has stood by me not only through this endeavor, but also throughout our journey together, moving from country to country and multiple homes. This support has allowed me to participate in multiple transportation and trade-related projects that have contributed to this book. I would also like to thank all my friends and colleagues at the Texas A&M Transportation Institute for their support and the opportunity to share great work experiences that have helped in developing this book. Special thanks are given to Jose Manuel Ancona, who had the patience to work with me gathering and analyzing data, preparing charts and graphs for this book, and to Fernanda Villegas and Gary Amayo, who also helped in preparing charts and checking references. Thanks also to Arturo Becerra, my wifes colleague, who developed the book cover.

Juan Carlos Villa, January 2020

Global trade has been growing fast during the last several decades, and it is expected to continue to grow, despite the recent slowdown. International and regional advances like those relating to the United States and the European Union have been coupled with other global and regional initiatives, including the recently emerging Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). These developments have shaped the existing transportation infrastructure and are creating a need for further network development and new transportation services and operations.