Anastasia Bakogianni - War as Spectacle: Ancient and Modern Perspectives on the Display of Armed Conflict

To my father for introducing me to old war movies as a child, and for all his help and support during the final stages of work on this collection.

Anastasia Bakogianni

In memory of my grandfather (William Attride Hope) and great-grandfather (Thomas Lewis) who served in the trenches during the First World War.

Valerie M. Hope

Greek Warfare, Hans Van Wees

Ancient Magic and the Supernatural in the Modern Visual and Performing Arts, edited by Filippo Carl and Irene Berti

Imagining Xerxes, Emma Bridges

Britain and Its Empire in the Shadow of Rome, Sarah J. Butler

Origins of the Peloponnesian War, G. E. M. de Ste Croix

This collection would not have been possible without the contributions of a number of institutions and colleagues. In chronological order, the editors first debt of thanks belongs to the Department of Classical Studies at The Open University, and in particular Dr James Robson, for funding the colloquium at which the idea of War as Spectacle was born. Anastasia Bakogiannis biggest debt of thanks is owed to her colleague Valerie M. Hope (The Open University) for agreeing to co-edit this collection. Without her expertise and attention to detail this project would never have come to fruition. Many thanks are also due to our two readers, Dr Sebastian Matzner (University of Exeter), and the anonymous colleague, whose suggestions and incisive critique helped the editors to improve the design and coverage of this volume. In the final stages of work on the collection, A. B. was very fortunate to be awarded a Visiting Fellowship by the Institute of Classical Studies, a member institute of the School of Advanced Study at the University of London, and is particularly grateful to its Deputy Director Dr Olga Krzyszkowska for her support, and as always to the wonderful staff of the Institutes Library. A travel grant by the Centre for Hellenic Studies at Washington, DC, also greatly facilitated A. B.s research. I am indebted to its director Professor Gregory Nagy for extending the personal invitation that made that visit possible. At Bloomsbury Academic we would like to thank Alice Reid for her patience and help. Last, but by no means least, the editors wish to thank the Ure Museum at the University at Reading, and in particular its curator Professor Amy C. Smith, for permission to use a section of the sixth-century BCE lekanis as the cover for our collection. Dr Sonya Nevin (University of Roehampton) proved essential in this process and we are very grateful to her for pointing us in the direction of this wonderful ancient vase.

Anastasia Bakogianni (Institute of Classical Studies, University of London)

and

Valerie M. Hope (The Open University)

Rhiannon Ash, Merton College, Oxford, has published widely on Roman historiography, especially Tacitus. Her publications include a monograph, Ordering Anarchy: Armies and Leaders in Tacitus Histories (Duckworth 1999), and a commentary on Tacitus, Histories 2 (Cambridge University Press 2007). She is currently completing a commentary on Tacitus, Annals 15.

Anastasia Bakogianni, Institute of Classical Studies, University of London, focuses her research and publications on the reception of Greek tragedy in the modern world. She is the author of Electra Ancient and Modern: Aspects of the Tragic Heroines Reception (Institute of Classical Studies 2011) and editor of Dialogues with the Past: Classical Reception Theory and Practice (ICS 2013).

Neil W. Bernstein, Ohio University, is author of Ethics, Identity, and Community in Later Roman Declamation (Oxford University Press 2013) and In the Image of the Ancestors: Narratives of Kinship in Flavian Epic (University of Toronto Press 2008).

Emma Bridges research focuses on cultural responses to armed conflict in antiquity. Based at The Open University, she is author of Imagining Xerxes: Ancient Perspectives on a Persian King (Bloomsbury 2014).

Andrea Capra, Universit degli Studi di Milano, has published widely on Plato, Aristophanes, lyric poetry, the reception of archaic epic, and the Greek novel.

Andrew Fear, University of Manchester, has research interests in the Roman Army, and the late and immediate post-Roman World, especially in the West. He is a contributor to the Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare (Cambridge University Press 2007) and has translated Orosius: Seven Books of History against the Pagans (Liverpool University Press 2010).

Jon Hesk, University of St Andrews, is the author of Deception and Democracy in Classical Athens (Cambridge University Press 2000) and Sophocles Ajax (Bloomsbury 2003). He has also written many journal articles and chapters about Homer, Greek drama and Athenian oratory.

Valerie Hope, The Open University, works on Roman funerary and mourning customs and has published widely in this area. She is the author of Roman Death (Continuum 2009), Death in Ancient Rome: A Sourcebook (Routledge 2007), and is co-editor of Memory and Mourning: Studies on Roman Death (Oxbow 2011), and Death and Disease in the Ancient City (Routledge 2000).

Helen Lovatt, University of Nottingham, works on ancient epic and its reception, myth and childrens literature, and has published two books: Statius and Epic Games (Cambridge University Press 2005) and The Epic Gaze (Cambridge University Press 2013).

Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, has published widely on Roman and Islamic architecture and gardens. She is currently examining the reception of Classical Architecture in New York City.

Justine McConnell, University of Oxford, is author of Black Odysseys: The Homeric Odyssey in the African Diaspora since 1939 (Oxford University Press 2013), and co-editor of Ancient Slavery and Abolition: From Hobbes to Hollywood (Oxford University Press 2011) and The Oxford Handbook of Greek Drama in the Americas (Oxford University Press 2015).

Tobias Myers, Connecticut College, has written on the bucolic world of Theocritus, causation in the Iliad, and self-knowledge in the Odyssey. He is finishing a book-length analysis of the Iliads gods in their role as observers of the poems action.

Sonya Nevin, University of Roehampton, recently published Negative Comparison: Agamemnon and Alexander in Plutarchs Agesilaus-Pompey, in Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies (54: 4568, 2014). She is currently completing Military Leaders and Sacred Space in Classical Greek Warfare: Temples, Sanctuaries and Conflict in Antiquity, with I.B. Tauris.

Jared A. Simard is a PhD at The Graduate Center, The City of University of New York and an Adjunct Lecturer at Hunter College. His dissertation is on Classics and Rockefeller Center: John D. Rockefeller Jr. and the Use of Classicism in Public Space. He has additional publications forthcoming on the reception of the ancient world in New York City.

Laura Swift, The Open University, focuses her research on archaic and classical Greek poetry and drama, and she is currently working on a commentary on the works of the poet Archilochus. She is the author of The Hidden Chorus: Echoes of Genre in Tragic Lyric (Oxford University Press 2010) and a companion to Euripides