Adam Henschke - Counter-terrorism, Ethics and Technology: Emerging Challenges at the Frontiers of Counter-terrorism

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The research was conducted under the auspices of the European Research Councils Advanced Grant program as part of the grant entitled, Global Terrorism and Collective Moral Responsibility: Redesigning Military, Police and Intelligence Institutions in Liberal Democracies (GTCMR. No. 670172) (Principal Investigator: Professor Seumas Miller; institutional partners, Delft University of Technology and the University of Oxford). The Australian Research Council Discovery Grant, entitled, Intelligence And National Security: Ethics, Efficacy And Accountability (DP180103439) (Principal Investigator Professor Seumas Miller; institutional partners Charles Sturt University and the Australian National University). The Australian Department of Defence Strategic Policy Grant, entitled Countering Foreign Interference And Cyber War Challenges (Principal Investigator Dr Adam Henschke; institutional partner, the Australian National University).

On April 2019, the terrorist group National Thawheed Jamaath carried out a lethal terrorist attack in Sri Lanka that targeted Christians on Easter Sunday. In all, eight men and one woman belonging to local Islamist groups detonated bombs almost simultaneously in several parts of the country, killing themselves and more than 250 others [1]. Following the attacks, the Sri Lankan Defence Minister stated that the attacks were a response to the terrorist attack in Christchurch, New Zealand, in which the gunman killed more than 50 Muslims [2]. These attacks led the New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinta Ardern and French President Emmanuel Macron to lobby social media companies around the world to do more in the fight against terrorism. Ardern stated that [t]his isnt about freedom of expression; this is about preventing violent extremism and terrorism online [3]. This shows how terrorism is now truly internationala terrorist attack conducted by an Australian in New Zealand against Muslims is said to have led to a terrorist attack in Sri Lanka conducted against Christians, driving two world leaders to seek changes from technology companies. Moreover, it shows that technology is now as much a part of terrorism and counter-terrorism as it is for all other parts of modern life. To say that we need to understand and respond to these new forms of violent extremism is obvious. The ethics of