Siobahn Doucette - Books Are Weapons: The Polish Opposition Press and the Overthrow of Communism (Russian and East European Studies)

PITT SERIES IN RUSSIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES

Jonathan Harris, Editor

Published by the University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., 15260
Copyright 2017, University of Pittsburgh Press
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
Printed on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Cataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress

ISBN 13: 978-0-8229-6502-2
ISBN 10: 0-8229-6502-X

Cover art: Underground print shop producing Solidarity flyers during martial law.
Unknown photographer, from KARTA.
Cover design: Joel W. Coggins

ISBN-13: 978-0-8229-8319-4 (electronic)

This book has benefited from input and support from numerous sources. Andrzej S. Kaminski has been an exceptional support to me in the last ten years. This book would not have been possible without him. Michael David-Fox, Gerald Mara, and Andrzej Nowak provided extremely useful advice. Andrzej Nowaks feedback was particularly valuable. I received generous financial support from Georgetown University, the Institute for Civic Space and Public Policy at the Lazarski College in Warsaw, and the Fulbright Hayes Fellowship Program.

Much of the archival research for this project was pursued at the KARTA Archiwum Opozycji in Warsaw. I would like to thank Monika Harchut and Joanna Michaowska. Their knowledge, helpfulness, and friendliness were invaluable.

Magorzata Choma-Jusiska, Krzysztof azarski, and Jan Olaszek provided advice on my manuscript at the Fourteenth Annual Recovering Forgotten History Conference. I am indebted to them for their feedback as well as to the conference organizers.

Helena uczywo, Pawe Sowiski, and Gwido Zlatkes have read and provided feedback on various portions of this manuscript. Their recommendations have been extremely valuable. Gwido invited me to contribute a chapter on the youth press in the late 1980s to Duplicator Underground: The Independent Publishing Industry in Communist Poland, 19761989 (Bloomington, IN: Slavica Publishers, 2016). I am grateful for that opportunity, his advice, and his encouragement. Research for that chapter was also used in this book.

I would like to thank my editor at Pittsburgh University Press, Peter Kracht, for his suggestions and help in guiding me through the revision process.

I am immensely grateful for the support provided by family while I researched and wrote this book. My mother, Virginia Doucette, read every draft and provided consistent encouragement and advice. Thank you, Mama. My fathers hard work and dedication to family have informed the ways that I think about unions and the Solidarity movement. My husband, David, is a true partner. You have kept me smiling from Poland to Jamaica and through the joyful addition of Eloise to our family. Thank you for your support and love.

The names of all Polish-language publications, publishing houses, institutions, and associations have been translated to English. Publication titles appear on nearly every page, with numerous pages including numerous titles. It was thus unwieldy to include in-text translations for every publication. The exclusive use of Polish terms was equally problematic. Publication titles were often descriptive (Worker, Independence, Fighting Solidarity, etc.); for the non-Polish language reader, their significance would be lost without translation. I appreciate that it is frustrating for many Polish-readers to read English-language translations for well-known publications (i.e., Kultura); however, for the sake of consistency all Polish language titles are translated. Geographic place names have remained in the original Polish (i.e., Maopolska) unless there are commonly used English terms for them (i.e., Warsaw). To facilitate readers ability to transition to works that employ the Polish-language names of independent institutions and associations, Polish-language acronyms and abbreviations are employed (i.e., KOR for the Committee for the Defense of Workers). As such, before the first mention of such acronyms, an in-text Polish language translation is included to explain the acronym. If there are English-language versions of the books discussed, that title is what is used even when that title is not an exact translation (i.e., The Black Book of Polish Censorship).

PUBLICATIONS

Academic Overview: Przegld Akademicki

Alternatives: Alternatywy

Antique: Antyk

Appendix: Aneks

Applause: Aplauz

Archive: Archiwum

Ark: Arka

Aspect: Aspekt

At the Threshold: U Progu

Between the Seas: Midzymorze

BIPS Weekly: Tygodnik BIPS

BIS: Students Information Bulletin: BIS: Biuletyn Informacyjny Studentw

Bond: Wiz

Brotherly Help: Bratniak

Bulletin of Union and Workplace Publications: Biuletyn Pism Zwizkowych i Zakadowych

Camp: Obz

Card: Karta

CDN-Free Workers Voice: CDN-Gos Wolnego Robotnika

CIA: Academic Information Center at NZS University Warsaw: CIA: Centrum Informacji Akademickiej przy NZS Uniwesytetu Warszawskiego

Coastal Worker: Robotnik Wybrzea

Communique: Komunikat

Cracovian Opinion: Opinia Krakowska

Criticism: Krytyka

Culture: Kultura

Culture Time: Czas Kultura

Current: Nurt

Current Affairs: Aktualnoci

Denouncer: Donosciel

Deserter: Dezerter

Dignity: Godno

Draft: Brulion

Ear: Kos

Election Newspaper: Gazeta Wyborcza

Encounters: Magazine of Young Poles: Pismo Modych Katolikw, Spotkania

Farmer: Gospodarz

Farmer: Rolnik

Fighting Solidarity: Solidarno Walczca

For Voice: Na Gos

Free Poland: Wolna Polska

Free Speech: Wolne Sowo

Free Unionist: Bulletin of the Trade Union Solidarity, Katowice Steelworks: Wolny Zwizkowiec: Biuletyn NSZZ Solidarno Huta Katowice

Free Voice: Gos Wolny

From Day to Day: Z Dnia na Dzie

Future Time: Czas Przyszy

Gangrene: Gangrena

Gdansk Committee for the Defense of Prisoners of Conscience: Gdaski Komitet Obrony Wizionych za Przekonania

Guillotine: Gioltyn

Haven: Przysta

Horizon: Horyzont

Human Rights: Prawa Czowieka

Humanities Almanac: Almanach Humanistycznych

Ideas: Pomysy

Independence: Niepodlego (LDP N)

Independence: Niezaleno

Independent Culture: Kultura Niezalene

Independent Farmer: Rolnik Niezalena

Independent Peasant Movement: Niezalena Ruch Chopski

Index: Indeks