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John E Endicott - The Politics of East Asia: China, Japan, Korea

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John E Endicott The Politics of East Asia: China, Japan, Korea

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The Politics of East Asia
First published 1978 by Westview Press
Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright 1978 Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Endicott, John E.
The politics of east Asia.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. East AsiaPolitics and government. I. Heaton, William R., joint author. II. Title.
DS518.1.E52 320.95 771346
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29510-3 (hbk)
About the Book and Authors
The Politics of East Asia: China, Japan, Korea
John E. Endicott and William P. Heaton
This is the first undergraduate text on the politics of East Asia to be published since 1970. Looking at both domestic and international politics, the authors discuss the political systems of China, Japan, and Korea within the context of environmental factors, culture, society, the economy, geography, language, historical and political traditions, etc. The Peoples Republic of China is presented as a country with strong traditions, committed to rapid development under frequently changing ideological auspices. Its two governmental apparatusesthe party and the bureaucracysometimes act in unison, sometimes are locked in fierce struggles, and often are motivated by differing ideologies and administrative dynamics. Japan is seen as a mature society and a developed economy with functioning democratic institutions and a strong party system, but, like the PRC, subject to powerful traditions and influenced by radical ideologies. Both North and South Korea are discussed, with a comparison and contrast of the authoritarian-democratic system in the South, where a basically democratic parliament finds itself in conflict with a quasi-dictatorial regime and an all-powerful president.
The book is completely up to date. The section on China takes into account the major developments of the post-Mao period, including the accession of Hua Kuo-feng and the struggle against the Shanghai faction. The discussion of Japanese politics covers the 1976 elections, and the creation of the Shin Jiyu club in the developing thrust away from factional politics to an issue-oriented electorate.
Lt. Col. John E. Endicott is a member of the Pentagon Air Staff. He received a Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Capt. William R. Heaton holds a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a research fellow at the National Defense University. Both authors were formerly professors of political science at the U.S. Air Force Academy.
Contents
  1. v
  2. xiii
Guide
Figures
Tables
Maps
There are a number of East Asian politics texts on the market that contain valuable insights into the various countries. However, they tend to quickly become outdated because of the rapid changes taking place in this part of the world. We feel that our book can help to bridge the gap because of what it does and does not try to do. It is designed for introductory undergraduate level courses and does not attempt to explore every issue in depth; nor does it attempt to present the final word on anything. Rather, it outlines the politics and important issues of three East Asian countries, with special attention directed to China and Japan.
We have found it most effective to teach the countries separately using a common methodology, and tying them together at the end of the semester. By staying on a very general level we have been able to incorporate current scholarly articles that illustrate and update certain points; our lectures fill out the discussions.
Instructional emphasis can take two directions. One is to expand the number of countries to include, for example, Mongolia, Taiwan, or perhaps Southeast Asia. The other is to explore topics in depth through special readings. For example, when we teach the portion on China, we direct students to current topics of interest like the Tangshan earthquake, the purge of the Gang of Four, and changes in economic policy since the death of Mao. For Japan we look into topical issues like the defense budget, the Lockheed scandal, and airline hijackings. We feel that this approach enables our students to correlate the basic information in the text with ongoing business.
We have divided the major country studies into four subtopics: historical background, the nature of society, political institutions and decision making, and contemporary problems. The three countries we examine share geographic proximity and historic cultural ties, but their political systems have many differences. We have selected the factors we believe are most important for understanding contemporary politics. For example, in the chapter on society in China we discuss the efforts of the regime to mobilize and transform the society. In the chapter on Japanese society we discuss voter attitudes and how they have affected elections. The two chapters are related but obviously very different, covering the elements most important to the political culture in the respective countries.
We must also mention our sources. Although we are familiar with primary source materials, we have avoided citing them and have used translations wherever possible. Undergraduate students are often turned off by long romanizations of primary source materials that they cannot read. Most of the sources we cite are readily available in most undergraduate libraries. We also frequently cite interesting English language publications from the countries being studied (e.g., Peking Review, China Reconstructs, Japan Echo).
In essence, our purpose is to give beginning students a good solid background in East Asian politics and to expose them to the literature that will become more important as they advance in their studies of the region. We have tested this approach with our students at the USAF Academy and feel it has been highly successful. We wish to thank our cadets in Political Science 473, The Politics of East Asia, who read our drafts and assisted us in revising our material. We would also like to thank our colleagues at the Air Force Academy who supported us in a variety of ways. We are grateful to our typists, our bosses, our wives, and our publisher, all of whom were patient with us throughout this enterprise. To them goes much of the credit for this production although we, of course, remain ultimately responsible for the contents.
John E. Endicott
William R. Heaton
The Politics of East Asia
Part One
China
Chapter One
The Revolution in Historical Perspective
A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.
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