Hung-Mao Tien - Taiwans Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition: Riding the Third Wave

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Taiwan's Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition

TAIWAN IN THE MODERN WORLD

TAIWAN'S ELECTORAL POLITICS AND DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION
Riding the Third Wave
Edited by Hung-mao Tien

THE OTHER TAIWAN
1945 to the Present
Edited by Murray A. Rubinstein

TAIWAN
National Identity and Democratization
Alan M. Wachman

THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN TAIWAN'S DEVELOPMENT
Edited by Joel D. Aberbach, David Dollar, and Kenneth L. Sokoloff

POLLUTION, POLITICS, AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN TAIWAN
The Lukang Rebellion
James Reardon-Anderson

TAIWAN ENTERPRISES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Edited by N.T. Wang

TAIWAN
Beyond the Economic Miracle
Edited by Denis Fred Simon and Michael Ying-mao Kau

CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM AND THE FUTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Edited by Harvey J. Feldman

THE PROTESTANT COMMUNITY ON MODERN TAIWAN
Mission, Seminary, and Church
Murray A. Rubinstein

CONTENDING APPROACHES TO THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TAIWAN
Edited by Edwin A. Winckler and Susan Greenhalgh

STATE AND SOCIETY IN THE TAIWAN MIRACLE
Thomas B. Gold

TAIWAN IN THE MODERN WORLD

Taiwan's Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition

Riding the Third Wave

Charles Chi-hsiang Chang
Ming-tong Chen
Tun-jen Cheng
Yun-han Chu
Bruce J. Dickson
John Fuh-sheng Hsieh
Yung-min Hsu
Teh-fu Huang
Tse-min Lin
I-Chou Liu
William L. Parish
Chyuan-Jenq Shiau

Hung-Mao Tien
Editor

With a Foreword by
Robert A. Scalapino

First published 1996 by M.E. Sharpe

Published 2015 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA.

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1996 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now know or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Taiwan's electoral politics and democratic transition: riding the third wave / Hung-mao Tien, editor.
p. cm.
"An East gate book."
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56324-670-8 (hardcover : alk. paper). ISBN 1-56324-671-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. ElectionsTaiwan.
2. Local electionsTaiwan.
3. DemocracyTaiwan.
4. TaowamPolitics and government1988
I. Tien, Hung-mao, 1938 . II. Series.
JQ1538.T353 1995
324.95124'905dc20
95-627
CIP

ISBN 13: 9781563246715 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 9781563246708 (hbk)

Contents

Robert A. Scalapino

Hung-mao Tien

William L. Parish and Charles Chi-hsiang Chang

Bruce J. Dickson

Yun-han Chu and Tse-min Lin

Teh-fu Huang

Tun-jen Cheng and Yung-ming Hsu

Ming-tong Chen

John Fuh-sheng Hsieh

Chyuan-Jenq Shiau

I-Chou Liu

Charles Chi-hsiang Chang, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago.

Ming-Jong Chen , Associate Professor of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

Tun-jen Cheng , Associate Professor, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Yun-han Chu , Director of Programs, Institute for National Policy Research and Professor of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

Bruce J. Dickson , Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

John Fuh-sheng Hsieh, Department of Political Science, National Chengchi University, Taiwan.

Yung-ming Hsu , Ph.D. candidate, Department of Political Science, University of Michigan.

Teh-fu Huang , Professor of Political Science, National Chengchi University, Taiwan.

Tse-min Lin , Assistant Professor, Department of Government, University of Texas, Austin.

I-Chou Liu, Associate Professor of Political Science, National Chengchi University, Taiwan.

William L. Parish , Professor of Sociology, University of Chicago.

Robert A. Scalapino , Robson Research Professor of Government Emeritus, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.

Chyuan-Jenq Shiau , Director of Research, Institute for National Policy Research, Taiwan, and Professor of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

Hung-mao Tien , President, Institute for National Policy Research, Taiwan.

The political evolution of Taiwan in the past five decades provides a fascinating case study of modernization, illustrative at once of elements of uniqueness and elements of commonality with other societies undergoing rapid socioeconomic development. When the defeated and battered Kuomintang (KMT) transferred its center to Taiwan after the mainland defeat, it encountered a Taiwanese population that had betrayed that fact in some degree, but the dominant traits remained unmistakably Chinese, albeit regional Chinese, overwhelmingly reflective of Fukien origins.

In its initial stages, KMT rule had many of the marks of a new colonialism, and the brutal suppression of the Taiwanese activists in the so-called February 28, 1947 Incident was to leave a deep scar on mainlanderTaiwanese relationsone that has not yet disappeared. However, it is important to realize that at the beginning of their Taiwan era, KMT leaders were deeply cognizant of past failure. Thus, many were determined to learn from that failure, taking certain new routes without wholly abandoning old habits and institutions.

Like the victorious Communists, the KMT was essentially a Leninist party at this point, its basic structure having been established at the time of the First Party Congress in January 1924, with Michael Borodin, Soviet and Comintern agent, having played a critical role.

It is interesting to note, however, that even though the authoritarian system was vigorously maintained, the KMT permitted local elections in Taiwan from the outset, reflective of Sun Yat-sen's concept of commencing democracy at the village level. Yet in these early years of KMT rule, democracy was scarcely the party's goal; the cry was "back to the mainland," with an insistence upon the political discipline and conformity supposedly required to achieve that objective.

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