David L. Sills - Accident At Three Mile Island : the human dimensions.

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Accident at Three Mile Island

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(Available in hardcover and paperback.

A Westview Special Study

Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions

edited by David L. Sills, C. P. Wolf, and Vivien B. Shelanski

The nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in March 1979 was as much a social-systems failure as it was an engineering failure. It raised questions not only about the regulation and management of nuclear-power plants but also about the effects of nuclear accidents on the community, on society, and on the total controversy surrounding nuclear energy. Questions were also raised about public perceptions of the risks of high technology.

At the request of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island (the Kemeny Commission), the Social Science Research Council commissioned social scientists to write a series of papers on the human dimensions of the event. This volume includes those papers, in revised and expanded form, and a comprehensive bibliography of published and unpublished social science research on the accident and its aftermath.

David L. Sills, a sociologist, is the executive associate at the Social Science Research Council and editor of the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. C. P. Wolf is Research Professor of Social Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of New York. He edits an international newsletter, Social Impact Assessment, and Westview's Social Impact Assessment Series. Sills and Wolf have written several reports of the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems. Vivien B. Shelanski, a philosopher of science, is a consultant on science policy and a founder of the review Science, Technology, & Human Values.

A Special Project of the Social Science Research Council

Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions

edited by David L. Sills, C. P. Wolf, and Vivien B. Shelanski

First published 1982 by Westview Press, Inc.

Published 2018 by Routeldge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1982 Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Accident at Three Mile Island.
(A Westview special study)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Atomic power-plantsAccidentsGovernment policyUnited States. 2. Atomic power-plantsAccidentsSocial aspectsPennsylvania. 3. Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant (Pa.) I. Sills, David L. II. Wolf, C. P. (Charles Parker), 1933- . III. Shelanski, Vivien B.
HD7269.A62U432 363.1'79 81-10413
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-01878-8 (hbk) AACR2

Contents

, Cora Bagley Marrett

, David L. Sills, C. P. Wolf. and Vivien B. Shelanski

Part 1
Public Perceptions of Nuclear Energy

, Paul Slovic, Baruch Fischhoff, and Sarah Lichtenstein

, Robert Cameron Mitchell

, Roger Kasperson, C. Hohenemser, J. X. Kasperson, and R. W. Kates

Part 2
Local Responses to Nuclear Plants

, Cynthia Bullock Flynn

, Elizabeth Peelle

, Shelton H. Davis

Part 3
Institutional Responsibilities for Nuclear Energy

, Steven L. Del Sesto

, Allan Schnaiberg

, Russell R. Dynes

, David M. Rubin

, Dorothy Nelkin

Part 4
The Interaction of Social and Technical Systems

, Malcolm J. Brookes

, Richard S. Barrett

, Charles Perrow

, Todd R. La Porte

Part 5
Implications for Public Policy

, Cora Bagley Marrett

, C. P. Wolf

1. iii
2. iv

Guide

Figures

Tables

During the weeks after the 1979 accident at Three Mile Island, a special task force of the office of the secretary of the president's cabinet conducted a search for persons to serve on the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island. The task force, whose representatives were from the Office of Management and Budget, the Council on Environmental Quality, the domestic policy staff, the office of the counsel to the president, the White House press office, the National Security Council, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy, forwarded about two dozen names to the president, and a few members of the task force made the final selections. The following comment by the task-force coordinator relates some of the considerations of the selection process: "We wanted people with experience in the management of large systems. We also recognized the importance of social science, government service, and medical expertise, and tried to find individuals who combined practical specialties with a broader social policy view."

Although I was not informed that I was recruited on that basis, I was in fact the resident social scientist of the commission. In that capacity, at our third meeting I prodded my fellow commissioners to include social science perspectives in our investigation. That prodding had two identifiable consequences: the commissioning of a series of papersmost of which appear in this volume-through the Social Science Research Council, and the recruitment of a group of sociologists who would compose the staff of the Task Force on Emergency Preparedness and Response.

I am particularly pleased that the papers resulting from this hard work in the summer of 1979 are being published as a book. Together, the papers constitute a substantial portion of the social science research conducted under the auspices of the commission. The appended bibliography of social science research on Three Mile Island makes this volume the essential source for researchers investigating this critical event in the history of nuclear energy.

Cora Bagley Marrett

We thank the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island for the funds that made this book possible. We also thank the Social Science Research Council for providing the setting for the book's preparation. Neither the commission nor the council is responsible for the interpretation and the conclusions, which are the responsibility of the individual authors.

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