Arend Lijphart - Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America

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INSTITUTIONAL
DESIGN IN
NEW DEMOCRACIES

Latin America in Global Perspective

The fundamental purpose of this multivolume series is to broaden conceptual perspectives for the study of Latin America. This effort responds to a perception of need. Latin America cannot be understood in isolation from other parts of the world. This has always been so; it is especially true in the contemporary era.

Accordingly, the goal of this series is to demonstrate the desirability and the feasibility of analyzing Latin America in comparative perspective, in conjunction with other regions, and in global perspective, in the context of worldwide processes. A subsidiary purpose is to establish a bridge between Latin American area studies and mainstream social science disciplines, to the mutual benefit of both. Ultimately, the intent is to explore and emphasize intellectual challenges posed by dynamic changes within Latin America and in its relation to the international arena.

The present volume, Institutional Design in New Democracies, examines the relationship between the challenge of institutional design and the outcomes of the process of economic and political liberalization in Latin America and Eastern Europe. The series thus far includes:

Latin America in Comparative Perspective: New Approaches to Methods and Analysis, edited by Peter H. Smith

EnGENDERing Wealth and Well-Being, edited by Rae Lesser Blumberg, Cathy A. Rakowski, Irene Tinker, and Michael Monteon

Cooperation or Rivalry? Regional Integration in the Americas and in the Pacific Rim, edited by Shoji Nishijima and Peter H. Smith

Latin American Environmental Policy in International Perspective, edited by Gordon J. MacDonald, Daniel L. Nielson, and Marc A. Stern

Civil-Military Relations After the Cold War, edited by David Mares

This series results from a multiyear research program organized by the Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies (CILAS) at the University of California, San Diego. Principal funding has come from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Latin America in Global Perspective

First published 1996 by Westview Press

Published 2018 by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1996 Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America/edited by
Arend Lijphart and Carlos Waisman.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8133-2108-5 (hbk.). ISBN 0-8133-2109-3 (pbk.)
1. Latin America Politics and government1980- 2. Latin AmericaEconomic policy.
3. Europe, CentralPolitics and government1989- 4. Europe, CentralEconomic policy.
5. Europe, EasternPolitics and government1989- 6. Europe, EasternEconomic policy
1989- 7. Comparative government. I. Lijphart, Arend. II. Waisman, Carlos H.
JL966.I57 1996
324.6309049dc20

96-6133
CIP

ISBN: 9780429499784 (ebk)

Contents

CHAPTER ONE
Institutional Design and Democratization
Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman

PART ONE
The Design of Electoral Systems

CHAPTER TWO
Initiation of New Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America
Barbara Geddes

CHAPTER THREE
Electoral Systems and Electoral Reform in Latin America
Dieter Nohlen

CHAPTER FOUR
Proportional Representation Versus Majoritarian Systems: Free Elections and Political Parties in Poland, 19891991
Stanislaw Gebethner

CHAPTER FIVE
Electoral Engineering and Democratic Stability: The Legacy of Authoritarian Rule in Chile
Peter Siavelis and Arturo Valenzuela

PART TWO
The Design of Executive-Legislative Relations

CHAPTER SIX
Executive-Legislative Relations in Crisis: Polands Experience, 19891993
Jerzy J. Wiatr

CHAPTER SEVEN
Parliamentarism in the Making: Crisis and Political Transformation in Hungary
Gyrgy Szoboszlai

Juan Molinar Horcasitas

CHAPTER NINE
Hyperpresidentialism and Constitutional Reform in Argentina
Carlos Santiago Nino

PART THREE
The Design of Market Economies

CHAPTER TEN
Privatization in Central Europe: Can It Be Designed?
va Voszka

CHAPTER ELEVEN
Obstacles to Economic Reform in Brazil
Juarez Brandao Lopes

CHAPTER TWELVE
The Multiple Roles of Privatization in Argentina
Roberto Frenkel and Guillermo Rozenwurcel

CHAPTER THIRTEEN
The Design of Democracies and Markets: Generalizing Across Regions
Arena Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman

Tables

Figures

This volume is the product of a collective endeavor, and we would like to begin by thanking the many scholars who have contributed to it: first, our multinational group of authors (Argentine, Brazilian, Chilean, German, Hungarian, Mexican, Polish, and American) and second, the many other colleagues who participated in the planning of the project and those who commented on earlier versions of the chaptersJohn M. Carey, Ellen T. Comisso, Wayne A. Cornelius, Paul W. Drake, Carlos Flores, Joseph Grunwald, James Holston, Jos Luis Manzano, Victor Nee, David Pion-Berlin, Akos Rna-Tas, Matthew S. Shugart, Peter H. Smith, Jadwiga Staniszkis, Kaare Strom, Rein Taagepera, and Jeffrey A. Weldon. We also record with sadness that Carlos Santiago Nino, one of Argentinas most distinguished legal scholars, died before our project was completed; we are fortunate, however, to include his contribution in this volume.

In addition, we wish to express our appreciation to Peter H. Smith, director of the Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies (CILAS) at the University of California, San Diego; Patricia Rosas, CILAS editor, and Deborah Ortiz, CILAS program coordinator, for their continual and enormously valuable support throughout our effort; and to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for its financial support.

We close with an expression of gratitude to Barbara Ellington, our editor at Westview Press, whose encouragement has greatly helped to bring this volume to fruition.

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