Mari Osawa - Social Security in Contemporary Japan

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Social Security in Contemporary Japan

The present study analyzes the livelihood security system of contemporary Japan in international comparison from a historical and gender perspective. It posits livelihood security systems rather than welfare states or welfare regimes as its object of analysis to enter the role of non-governmental institutions and of governmental policies reaching beyond income transfers into vision.

Based on rich statistical materials, the evolution of Japans livelihood security system in recent decades is traced to reveal a rigid male breadwinner orientation increasingly out of step with social realities. The need for remedying the gender bias built into Japans social insurance schemes has been politically highlighted since the late 1990s, but legislative action has continued to be deferred.

The author argues that at present the livelihood security system of Japan is not only dysfunctional, but actually functioning in reverse, in a sense of furthering social exclusion. The study concludes with suggestions for a possible reconstruction of Japans social security system, arguing for an increased role of the third sector or social economy in livelihood security and care provision.

This book will appeal to scholars and students with an interest in social policy, welfare economics and gender studies, as well as Japanese politics and society.

Mari Osawa is Professor at the Institute of Social Science at the University of Tokyo.

Routledge / University of Tokyo
Series Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief:
Masashi Haneda, Professor, Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo

Associate Editors:
Jun Furuya, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo. Shinsaku Iwahara, Professor, Graduate School of Law and Politics, University of Tokyo. Hiroshi Mitani, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo. Shgo Takegawa, Professor, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo. Ryko Tsuneyoshi, Professor, Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo. Susumu Yamakage, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo. Hiroshi Yoshikawa, Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo

Managing Editor:
Michael Burtscher, Associate Professor, Division of International Affairs and Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo

1. Koizumi and Japanese Politics
Reform strategies and leadership style
Yu Uchiyama, Translated by Carl Freire

2. Social Security in Contemporary Japan
A comparative analysis
Mari Osawa, Translation edited by Michael Burtscher

Social Security in Contemporary Japan

A comparative analysis

Mari Osawa

Translation edited by Michael Burtscher

First published 2011
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2011 The University of Tokyo

The right of The University of Tokyo to be identified as authors/editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Osawa, Mari, 1953
Social security in contemporary Japan : a comparative analysis of its livelihood security system / by Mari Osawa ; translation edited by Michael Burtscher.

p. cm. (Routledge/University of Tokyo series ; 2)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Social securityJapan. I. Title.
HD7227.O734 2011

361.952dc22

2010051276

ISBN 978- 0- 415- 55940- 9 (hbk)
ISBN 978- 0- 203- 81366- 9 (ebk)

Contents

Illustrations

Figures

Tables

List of abbreviations

ALMP	Active Labour Market Policy
CDPC	Central Disaster Prevention Council
CEDAW	Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
CEFP	Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy
CGM	Consorzio Gino Mattarelli
CIRIEC	International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy
CSR	Corporate Social Responsibility
DPJ	Democratic Party of Japan
EHI	Employees Health Insurance
EPA	Economic Planning Agency
EPF	Employees Pension Fund
EPI	Employees Pension Insurance
EPSI	Employment Protection Security Index
ESI	Economic Security Index
ESRI	Economic and Social Research Institute
FILP	Fiscal Investment and Loan Program
FTE	Full- time Equivalents
FY	Fiscal Year
GATT	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
GPIF	Government Pension Investment Fund
ICA	International Co-operative Alliance
ILO	International Labour Organization
IMF	International Monetary Fund
ISTAT	Istituto nazionale di statistica
JILPT	Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training
LDP	Liberal Democratic Party of Japan
METI	Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
NCSS	National Commission on Social Security
NEET	Not in Employment, Education or Training
NGO	Non-governmental Organization
NHI	National Health Insurance
NIPA	National Income and Product Accounts
NIPSSR	National Institute for Population and Social Security Research
NIRA	National Institute for Research and Advancement
NLI	Nippon Life Insurance Company
NPO	Non-profit/Not-for-profit Organization
NRI	Nomura Research Institute
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PARC	Policy Affairs Research Council (LDP)
PCD	Policy Coherence for Development
SAP	Structural Adjustment Program
SERPS	State Earnings Related Pension (UK)
SMD	Single-Member District
SME	Small and Medium-sized Enterprise

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