Rebecca M. Brown - Gandhis Spinning Wheel and the Making of India

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Gandhis Spinning Wheel and the Making of India

Gandhis use of the spinning wheel was one of the most significant unifying elements of the nationalist movement in India. Spinning was seen as an economic and political activity that could bring together the diverse population of South Asia and allow the formerly elite nationalist movement to connect to the broader Indian population.

This book looks at the politics of spinning both as a visual symbol and as a symbolic practice. It traces the genealogy of spinning from its early colonial manifestations in Company painting to its appropriation by the anticolonial movement. This complex of visual imagery and performative ritual had the potential to overcome labour, gender and religious divisions and thereby produce an accessible and effective symbol for the Gandhian anticolonial movement. By thoroughly examining all aspects of this symbols deployment, this book unpacks the politics of the spinning wheel and provides a model for the analysis of political symbols elsewhere. It also probes the successes of Indias particular anticolonial movement, making an invaluable contribution to studies in social and cultural history, as well as South Asian Studies.

Rebecca M. Brown is visiting Associate Professor in Political Science and the History of Art at Johns Hopkins University, USA, researching colonial and post-independence South Asia. Her publications include Art for a Modern India, 19471980 (2009) and Asian Art (co-edited with Deborah S. Hutton, 2006).

Routledge Studies in South Asian History

The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India

Edited by Biswamoy Pati and Mark Harrison

Decolonization in South Asia

Meanings of freedom in post-independence West Bengal, 194752

Sekhar Bandyopadhyay

Historiography and Writing Postcolonial India

Naheem Jabbar

Nationalism, Education and Migrant Identities

The England-returned

Sumita Mukherjee

Medicine, Race and Liberalism in British Bengal

Symptoms of empire

Ishita Pande

Radical Politics in Colonial Punjab

Governance and sedition

Shalini Sharma

The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India

Exploring transgressions, contests and diversities

Biswamoy Pati

The State and Governance in India

The congress ideal

William F. Kuracina

Gandhis Spinning Wheel and the Making of India

Rebecca M. Brown

Gandhis Spinning Wheel and the Making of India

Rebecca M. Brown

LONDON AND NEW YORK

First published 2010
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2011.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledges collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

2010 Rebecca M. Brown

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Brown, Rebecca M.
Gandhis spinning wheel and the making of India / Rebecca M. Brown.
p. cm. (Routledge studies in South Asian history ; 9)
Simultaneously published in the USA and CanadaT.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Gandhi, Mahatma, 1869-1948Influence. 2. Gandhi, Mahatma, 18691948Political and social views. 3. Spinning-wheelPolitical aspectsIndiaHistory. 4. SpinningPolitical aspectsIndiaHistory. 5. PaintingIndia19th century. 6. PhotographyIndiaHistory. 7. Symbolism in politicsIndiaHistory. 8. NationalismIndiaHistory. 9. IndiaHistoryAutonomy and independence movements. 10. India Politics and government1919-1947. I. Title.
DS481.G3B76 2010
954.035092dc22 2009050227

ISBN 0-203-85270-2 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 9780415494311 (hbk)

ISBN 9780203852705 (ebk)

Contents

Figures

0.1	Anon., Weavers combing a warp and women reeling and spinning, c. 1785, Madras
0.2	Vithalbhai Jhaveri, Kasturba Gandhi spinning, c. 1940
0.3	Prabhu Dayal, Conversation on Peace Between Gandhi and Irwinat Delhi/Suleh Charcha (Compromise Discussion), 1931
1.1	Anon., Woman spinning, c. 1830
1.2	Anon., Spinning, 17981804. Kolkata
1.3	Sona Kumari, Woman spinning, 185060
1.4	Anon., Weaver and his Wife, c. 1800
2.1	Anon., Weavers. Hindoos. Delhi. (191), c. 186875
2.2	Anon., A woman of Jeypore spinning, c. 1890
2.3	Frederick Bremner, A Kashmiri (Mahomedan) spinning, c. 1890s
2.4	Anon., Indian women spinning, early twentieth century
2.5	Anon., Woman spinning, c. 1930s1940s
2.6	Anon., Weavers courtyard with woman spinning, c. 1946
3.1	Staged group spinning demonstration, c. 1940
3.2	Women spinning at a meeting with Gandhi in Surat, 22 April 1930
3.3	Gandhi with J. B. Kripalani, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Mani Behn Patel and others spinning at Wardha, Maharashtra, June 1936
4.1	Anon., Woman spinning with child, c. 1930s1940s
4.2	Gandhi spinning at the house of the Raja of Kalakankar (near Allahabad), 14 November 1929
5.1	Margaret Bourke-White, Gandhi and spinning wheel, 1946
5.2	Gandhi, c. 192021

Acknowledgements

This book began with a generous invitation from my good friend and colleague Deepali Dewan to work with the collections at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, and I think neither of us had any idea where the invitation would lead. That initial generosity proved to be the rule for the entirety of the development, research and writing of this book, whether I sat at the table in the Prints and Drawings room at the British Library, chatted over photographs with the staff at the Gandhi Museum in New Delhi, or shared pieces of the research with the scholarly community. Colleagues at Swansea University, Johns Hopkins, and around the world have assisted me in this project by providing critical and engaged commentary at various stages, and archivists, curators and librarians have pointed me in new and exciting directions as the work has progressed. Funding for this research came from a British Academy grant, with additional support provided by Swansea Universitys Politics Department.

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