Andrew Bradstock - Ethics and Public Policy: Contemporary Issues

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VICTORIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

Victoria University of Wellington

PO Box 600 Wellington

victoria.ac.nz/vup/

Copyright Editors and contributors 2011

First published 2011

ISBN 978-0-86473-6406

This book is copyright. Apart from any fair
dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism
or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part
may be reproduced by any process without the
permission of the publishers

National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Ethics and public policy : contemporary issues / edited by

Jonathan Boston, Andrew Bradstock & David Eng.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-86473-640-6

1. Public administrationMoral and ethical aspectsNew Zealand.

2. Sustainable developmentMoral and ethical aspectsNew
Zealand. 3. Political ethicsNew Zealand. I. Boston, Jonathan, 1957
II. Bradstock, Andrew W. (Andrew William), 1955- III. Eng, David.

172.20993dc 22

Ebook production 2011 by meBooks

Tables, Figures and Boxes

Tables

Choice behaviour, ethics and economic theory

Relevant principles of distributive justice

Solutions to the distribution problem

Implications of conflicting Treaty of Waitangi texts for government policy

Principles for environmental responsibility

Principles of economic efficiency

Principles of social cohesion

Indicator types

How well do we live summary of key indicators

How well are resources distributed summary of key indicators

How efficiently are we using our resources summary of key indicators

What are we leaving behind for our children summary of key indicators

Proposed equity index, 1996, 2001, and 2006

Equity index, male and female, 2006

Equity index, European/Pkeh and Mori, 2006

Comparative analysis of the Redefining Progress and Nova Scotia approaches to measuring genuine progress

Figures

Coherence net of theories and principles of distributive justice

Framework for measuring New Zealands progress using a sustainable development approach

Symbols used to identify trends in sustainable development

Proposed equity index, 1996, 2001, and 2006

Community outcomes and indicators of the Wellington Regional Genuine Progress Index

Differences between privacy, security, and confidentiality

Boxes

Definition of sustainable development

Critical perspectives on Greater Wellingtons Community Outcomes process

Councillor and council officer reactions to the challenge of full-cost accounting

Preface

This edited volume draws together a selection of papers originally presented at a major conference in December 2009 in Wellington The Ethical Foundations of Public Policy. Co-hosted by the Institute of Policy Studies and the Philosophy Programme at Victoria University of Wellington, and the Centre for Theology and Public Issues at the University of Otago, the conference was sponsored by the School of Government Trust and attended by 350 participants. Of the 50 papers presented at the conference, 15 are included in this volume while a further 12 have been published in a separate collection by the ANU E Press.

The conference was organised with the aim of encouraging and facilitating debate about the ethical basis for policy making. This includes the ethical principles that should inform our behaviour whether as citizens, voters, policy analysts or decision makers and the normative considerations that should guide governmental choices over the substantive content of particular policies whether fiscal policy, health policy or foreign policy.

To facilitate such a dialogue, the conference brought together a range of policy makers including politicians, government officials, and political advisers and academics from various disciplines, including economics, law, philosophy, politics, religious studies, and theology. The mix of disciplines was deliberate. Discussions concerning the ethical foundations of public policy should not, in our view, be the prerogative exclusively of moral philosophers or theologians, nor policy specialists. On the contrary, the subject is of universal relevance and deserves the attention of all those who wish to contribute to public life.

The conference had five main sub-themes: speaking truth to power (or the ethics of advice giving); the ethics of decision making; protecting the global commons (including sustainability issues); equality and justice; and measuring progress. But there were also contributions on other subject areas, including ethics and economics, and ethics and health care, with papers on such issues as vulnerability, autonomy and justice, making fair funding decisions for high-cost health care, and the role of consumers in making health policy. The chapters in this book span most of the critical issues addressed in the conference, but with a particular emphasis on questions of justice, the ethics of decision making, sustainable development, and measuring progress.

As highlighted by the contributions to the conference, ethical analysis remains a vigorously contested field. There are many competing moral philosophies and theologies. In our view, public debate on the merits of the different approaches is critical. After all, the ethical framework that is adopted has major consequences for policy making: it shapes the questions that get asked, the methodologies that are employed, the values that are supported, the weighting that is given to different ethical principles, and hence the policy options that are ultimately embraced.

We would like to thank all those who contributed to the production of this book: the authors of the 15 chapters for their diligent and rapid re-crafting of their conference papers; Belinda Hill, Vic Lipski and Kyleigh Hodgson for their assistance with copy-editing; Edith Hodgen for preparing the index; and Fergus Barrowman of Victoria University Press for advice and encouragement. We would also like to thank the School of Government Trust, the Philosophy Programme at Victoria University of Wellington, and the Centre for Theology and Public Issues at the University of Otago for their generous financial support.

Jonathan Boston

Andrew Bradstock

David Eng

September 2010

Acknowledgements

The editors would like to record the following acknowledgements:

Chapter 9 was first published as Making fair funding decisions for high cost cancer care: The case of Herceptin in New Zealand, in Public Health Ethics, 2010, 3(2): 137146. It is reprinted with permission from Oxford University Press.

Chapter 14 was first published in the International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 2010, 5(3): 343361, and is based on a paper presented at the Ethical Foundations of Public Policy conference hosted by the Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, 1011 December 2009. The authors are particularly grateful to Rosie Fyfe and Bronwyn Newton at Statistics New Zealand for their many contributions during the study reported in this paper. We also thank without implicating Oliver Black, Eileen Brown, Barbara Burton, Phillip Coghini, Kellie Coombes, Karen Davis, Victoria Dowsing, Meike Guenther, Rachel Hargreaves, Jane Higgins, Fleur Jackson, Christine Jacobson, Bill Kaye-Blake, Roger Kerr, Kate Lynch, Rachael Milicich, Karen Nairn, Bernie Napp, Hayley Neil, Rosslyn Noonan, Alex Penk, Donna Saunders, Grant Scobie, Edward Siddle, Conal Smith, Robert Smith, and Martin Tobias.

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