First published in Great Britain in 2018 by
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Foreword
Nearly 30 years ago, at a meeting I'd spoken at, Peter Beresford challenged me about the involvement of people with experience of poverty in research and action on poverty. This led to a collaboration around such involvement, which taught me a lot about both the experience of poverty and the importance of participation. Some years later I reflected on what I'd learned from this and subsequent involvement in the Commission on Participation and Power from within a framework of citizenship and human rights (Lister, 2002).
The right to participation has been promoted as both a citizenship and a human right. Indeed, it has been theorised as pivotal to a human rights-based approach because it underpins the effective realisation of other rights. It is a right that both recognises and strengthens the agency (including the democratic agency) of people living in poverty and other marginalised groups. It represents recognition of and respect for the dignity of 'the voiceless', referred to in the quotation opening the introduction to this book, by enabling their voices to be heard. As such it helps to strengthen social justice understood as requiring recognition as well as a just (re)distribution of resources. This is reflected in an ongoing ATD Fourth World participatory project involving people with experience of poverty in the training of social workers an illuminating example of how service users' experience and knowledge can inform the training of service providers (Gupta et al, 2017).
This volume, initiated and edited by Peter and Sarah Carr, isn't about the participation of people with experience of poverty as such but its central themes are as relevant to them as to other 'voiceless' service users. It also underscores the diversity of service users and that, as the first book in this series by Peter illuminates, users are not a separate group (Beresford, 2016). We all experience social policy in various ways to our advantage or our detriment. Nevertheless, the voices of some users are less likely to be heard than others and this book is an attempt to provide a space for the voices of some of the traditionally voiceless to be heard. It does not just 'talk the talk' of participation but begins to 'walk the walk'.
In doing so, it raises some salient questions, most fundamentally that of the nature of knowledge and expertise, which is a central theme both explicit and implicit running through the book. It has become politically fashionable on the Right to dismiss traditional 'experts' think the Conservative minister Michael Gove's infamous observation during the EU referendum campaign that people 'have had enough of experts' (3 June 2016) and Donald Trump's rejection of the scientific evidence on climate change. While such attitudes have been justly castigated, participatory approaches to social policy do create a challenge for those of us considered 'experts' on the subjects it addresses. There is an important debate to be had about the contribution to be made by the expertise borne of experience and its relationship to more traditional forms of expertise. A report of a remarkable experimental ATD Fourth World project in France, which brought together traditional experts and people with experience of poverty, contended that