Indias National Security
The global security environment in the last five years has been characterised by a state of no war, no peace among major powers, resulting in a state of uncertainty about their national security objectives. For instance, the US has been concerned about the attitudes of Iran, Russia, North Korea, China, and others, and yet did not expect a direct military conflict with them. On the other hand, China has expanded its naval strategy from a mere off-shore defence to open seas protection and has called for both defence and offence instead of merely territorial air defence, thereby indicating preparedness for the possibility of a military confrontation.
The major powers have been thus groping for suitable responses to their threat perceptions. It is in this kind of a complex and confusing international environment that India, as a rising power, has been called upon to wade through its strategic partnerships with major powers and nurture friendships with various Asian and African countries.
This sixteenth volume of Indias National Security Annual Review offers indispensable information and evaluation on matters pertaining to national security. It undertakes a thorough analysis of the trends to provide a backdrop to Indias engagement with various countries. The volume also discusses persisting threats from China and Pakistan.
With contributions from experts from the fields of diplomacy, academia, and civil and military services, the book will be one of the most dependable sources of analyses for scholars of international relations, foreign policy, defence and strategic studies, and political science, and practitioners alike.
Satish Kumar is former Professor of Diplomacy at Jawaharlal Nehru University and currently Director at the Foundation for National Security Research, New Delhi, India.
As in previous years, it is an invaluable compendium of analysis on matters relating to our national security.
M. Hamid Ansari, former Vice President of India
This edited collection of essays harnesses insights from national security practitioners defence personnel, diplomats, intelligence officers, business leaders and academics to offer a snapshot of Indias security domain(s).
Rina Kashyap, Head of Department of Political Science, Lady Shri Ram College, New Delhi, India (in the Financial Express)
This series is unique in two ways: first, this presents authoritative assessments on the complex and evolving security environment in India, indicating both challenges and opportunities and second, it serves as a channel for offering the views of experts on important security issues to the policy makers, opinion shapers and scholars.
S. D. Pradhan, Former Deputy National Security Advisor, Government of India (in the Asian Age)
This publication has consistently addressed issues related to Indias national security in a comprehensive manner. My compliments to the editor and members of the editorial board for the efforts in compiling this publication.
Admiral Sunil Lanba, Chief of Naval Staff of India
The annual INSAR has established itself as an indispensable reference document on Indias foreign and security policies for foreign affairs scholars and practitioners alike.
Shyam Saran, Former Chairman, National Security Advisory Board, Government of India
This series, Indias National Security Annual Review, was conceptualised in the year 2000 in the wake of Indias nuclear tests and the Kargil War in order to provide an in-depth and holistic assessment of national security threats and challenges and to enhance the level of national security consciousness in the country. The first volume was published in 2001. Since then, fifteen volumes have been published consecutively. This series has become an indispensable source of reference and analysis on issues of critical importance to Indias national security.
First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2018 selection and editorial matter, Satish Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Satish Kumar to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The international boundaries, coastlines, denominations, and other information shown in any map in this work do not necessarily imply any judgement concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such information. For current boundaries, readers may refer to the Survey of India maps.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-57897-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-351-24081-9 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Chairman
Amb. C. R. Gharekhan, Former Permanent Representative of India to the UN, New York, and Former Under Secretary General, United Nations
Director
Prof. Satish Kumar, Former Professor of Diplomacy, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Members
Prof. N. Balakrishnan, Honorary Professor, Supercomputer Education and Research Centre and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Dr Sanjaya Baru, Distinguished Fellow, United Service Institution of India, New Delhi, and Former Media Advisor to the Prime Minister
Sh. Ajit Lal, Former Chairman, Joint Intelligence Committee, Government of India
Gen. V.P. Malik, Former Chief of Army Staff, India