Dominic Burbidge - The Shadow of Kenyan Democracy: Widespread Expectations of Widespread Corruption

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THE SHADOW OF KENYAN DEMOCRACY

Kwa
David Sperling,
mwalimu wa taifa

The Shadow of Kenyan Democracy

Widespread Expectations of Widespread Corruption

DOMINIC BURBIDGE
Princeton University, USA

First published 2015 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Dominic Burbidge 2015

Dominic Burbidge has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Burbidge, Dominic, 1987- author.

The shadow of Kenyan democracy : widespread expectations of widespread corruption / by Dominic Burbidge.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4724-6768-3 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-3155-5295-8 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-3170-1617-5 (epub) 1. Corruption--Kenya--Public opinion. 2. Democracy--Kenya. 3. Public opinion--Kenya. 4. Kenya--Politics and government--2002- I. Title.

JQ2947.A56B87 2015

364.1323096762--dc23

2015014513

ISBN 9781472467683 (hbk)
ISBN 9781315552958 (ebk - PDF)
ISBN 9781317016175 (ebk - ePUB)

Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Figures

Tables

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Strathmore University for providing me with the time and research support necessary for carrying out this project, and the James Madison Program of Princeton University for hosting and supporting me during the final editing stages. David Sperling of Strathmore University has guided and mentored me throughout my time studying Kenya, and so I am particularly indebted to him. I have received excellent and professional research assistance from Gladys Kerubo and Patrick Nderitu at Strathmore Governance Centre, and would also like to acknowledge the supportive and interesting discussions with students of Strathmore Business Schools Masters in Public Policy and Management. I have benefited from critical feedback on the manuscript from Michael Johnston of Colgate University, Elvis Melia of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Olive Umuhire Nsababera of Columbia University, and Humphrey Sipalla of Strathmore Law School. I am indebted to Humphrey Sipalla in particular for suggesting the image of the shadow of Lwanda Magere.

The book was originally inspired as a request from the late Roderick M. Hills, Director of the Hills Program on Governance at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC. I would like to acknowledge his inspiration especially, therefore, as well as the supporting advice of Gerald Hyman, Senior Adviser to the Hills Program. For editorial advice I am grateful to Luis Franceschi, Dean of Strathmore Law School, and to Nic Cheeseman of the University of Oxford ever a reserve of support and warm advice. I would also like to acknowledge the excellent publishing assistance provided by the team at Ashgate and, finally, the enduring support of my parents. All my success is theirs.

List of Abbreviations

EACC	Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission
ICC	International Criminal Court
KACA	Kenya Anti-Corruption Authority
KACC	Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission
KANU	Kenya African National Union
KPC	Kenya Pipeline Company
LAPSSET	Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor
NACCSC	National Anti-Corruption Campaign Steering Committee
NARC	National Rainbow Coalition
PNU	Party of National Unity
UNHCR	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Prologue

Lwanda Magere was born with skin of stone that no blade could pierce, just as the oracle had prophesied. When he came of age he led his people, the Luo, out of bondage, taking arms against the Lango who had oppressed them for so long.

Spears and arrows shattered as they hit his body, and all who challenged him were swept aside. At the dead of night he struck, leading his men to liberation.

Oh, how fear spread like wildfire among the Lango! They dreaded the night and the terror it brought, and gave up hope for their land and cattle, finding no way of harming the great Lwanda Magere.

And so the King of the Lango met with his elders to ask what could be done. They sat and talked and listened, refusing to take food until a plan was decided. Though heavy in heart finally they agreed, to offer the Kings youngest daughter and the most beautiful of all the Lango as a peace offering.

The great warrior Lwanda had grown proud in his victories and greedy. He took her in with lust in his eyes, though his house was already choking with wives and his elders had advised against it. There the princess served him as the years went by, feigning love and all the time watching.

One day, smitten by the heat of a dreadful fever, Lwanda cried for his eldest wife Mikayi to come to his side. But Mikayi had travelled far away that day, carrying gifts to his in-laws. Though Lwanda was made of stone, his head and stomach quickened under fever just as any man.

Mikayi, Mikayi! he cried, though nothing was heard in answer.

Here I am, answered the Lango princess, seeing that perhaps his fever was muddling his mind.

Give me medicine, my trusted first wife, that these evil spirits will leave me in peace!

But how can I open your skin to administer it, asked she, when a knifes blade breaks if forced upon your skin?

My flesh is hard as rock, yet my shadow weak as flesh. Cut into it instead and you will see my blood flow. She took the blade and made a small cut on his shadow, enough for the medicine to enter, and watched with amazement as his bodys flesh opened and bled.

At the dead of night she stole away, carrying the secret to her people.

When dawn broke the Lango descended upon the Luo, drawing their blades and releasing their spears just as Lwandas shadow stretched tall against the sunrise.

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