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Olivia Cadaval (editor) - Curatorial Conversations: Cultural Representation and the Smithsonian Folklife Festival

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Since its origins in 1967, the Smithsonian Folklife Festival has gained worldwide recognition as a model for the research and public presentation of living cultural heritage and the advocacy of cultural democracy. Festival curators play a major role in interpreting the Festivals principles and shaping its practices.

Curatorial Conversations brings together for the first time in one volume the combined expertise of the Festivals curatorial staff--past and present--in examining the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritages representation practices and their critical implications for issues of intangible cultural heritage policy, competing globalisms, cultural tourism, sustainable development and environment, and cultural pluralism and identity.

In the volume, edited by the staff curators Olivia Cadaval, Sojin Kim, and Diana Baird NDiaye, contributors examine how Festival principles, philosophical underpinnings, and claims have evolved, and address broader debates on cultural representation from their own experience. This book represents the first concerted project by Smithsonian staff curators to examine systematically the Festivals institutional values as they have evolved over time and to address broader debates on cultural representation based on their own experiences at the Festival.

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CURATORIAL CONVERSATIONS CURATORIAL CONVERSATIONS Cultural Representation and - photo 1
CURATORIAL CONVERSATIONS
CURATORIAL CONVERSATIONS
Cultural Representation and the Smithsonian Folklife Festival
Edited by
Olivia Cadaval,
Sojin Kim, and
Diana Baird NDiaye
wwwupressstatemsus The University Press of Mississippi is a member of the - photo 2
www.upress.state.ms.us
The University Press of Mississippi is a member of the Association of American University Presses.
Copyright 2016 by The Smithsonian Institution
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing 2016
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Cadaval, Olivia, 1943 editor. | Kim, Sojin, editor. | NDiaye, Diana Baird, editor.
Title: Curatorial conversations : cultural representation and the Smithsonian Folklife Festival / Olivia Cadaval, Sojin Kim, and Diana Baird NDiaye, editors.
Description: Jackson : University Press of Mississippi, [2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015043007 | ISBN 9781496805980 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Smithsonian Folklife Festival. | Folk festivalsUnited States. | Folk festivalsSocial aspects. | Smithsonian Institution. | MuseumsCuratorship. | Applied folklore. | Folklore and nationalism.
Classification: LCC GR105 .C86 2016 | DDC 394.2/6973dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015043007
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available
CONTENTS
C. KURT DEWHURST AND MARSHA MACDOWELL
ROBERT BARON
DIANA BAIRD NDIAYE, OLIVIA CADAVAL, AND SOJIN KIM
JACK SANTINO
DANIEL E. SHEEHY
FRANK PROSCHAN
RICHARD KENNEDY
JAMES I. DEUTSCH
CYNTHIA L. VIDAURRI
OLIVIA CADAVAL
MARJORIE HUNT
JEFF PLACE
BETTY BELANUS
AMY HOROWITZ
DIANA BAIRD NDIAYE
STEVE ZEITLIN
JAMES EARLY
CURATORIAL CONVERSATIONS
PREFACE
C. KURT DEWHURST
AND
MARSHA MACDOWELL
This volume of essays, written from the perspective of program curators at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, offers a window into the theory and practice of curatorial work. The essayists personal experiences and reflective analyses describe the history and evolving nature of curation in this specific festival context. The essays also provide an opportunity to examine Festival curatorial practices in the broader intellectual history and evolution of museum practice.
As authors of this preface, we should state that we have been engaged in various roles with the Smithsonian Institutions Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage (CFCH). We were fieldworkers, curatorial advisors, presenters, and guest curators. We were responsible for one of the first restagings of a Smithsonian Festival program back in its community, and one of us served for a decade as a member and chair of the CFCH Advisory Council. We have curated exhibitions at the Smithsonian Institutions National Museum of the American Indian. At our home institution at Michigan State University, we are both professors who teach museum studies, have published on museums and community engagement, and with many collaborators have developed numerous local, national, and international festival programs and exhibitions (Dewhurst and MacDowell 2013, 26590; 1999, 710; Dewhurst et al. 2008).
Shifting Roles of Museums in Society: Changing Roles of Curators
Because this volume is devoted to conversations about curation of Festival programs at the Smithsonian Institution, it is helpful first to consider the broader meaning of curation within museums and the changing nature of museums in society. In the Western European context, in which the concept of most modern-day museums developed, the historical role of the museum was primarily that of a steward of collections for use by scholars or for the enjoyment of economically elite segments of society. A curator was the person on staff with the responsibility for the intellectual development, care, and use of the museums collections. The curators held institutional power and shaped the intellectual stature and integrity of the museum. Curators built reputations for their museums and helped sustain the museums professional standing. Museum studies scholars Jane R. Glaser and Artemis A. Zenetou describe the historical and traditional role of curators this way:
Years ago the curator was known as the keeper, the person in charge of the collections of the museum, the keeper of the holdings of a particular museum. Today, though called curators, they are still keepers and caretakers of collections. But their responsibilities go far beyond caretaking, as they do extensive research, write both scholarly and popular monographs and books, compose the scenarios and select the objects for exhibitions, and work closely with other staff. They are often the major subject-matter expert in a discipline in the museum. Thus, they have an important responsibility in keeping the museum on track toward its goals and objectives. (2013, 80)
Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the roles and responsibilities of curators are undergoing changes just as their own institutions are changing. Today, museums that meet professional standards are those that serve multiple audiences, are centers of education and civic engagement, use their resources (collections, facilities, and staff expertise) to address local and global issues, and have collections and programs developed in partnership with communities, including those previously unexamined or ignored.
This expectation for contemporary museums to engage with their communities reflects a broader and increasing societal pressure for cultural and educational institutions to share authority, and to use the power and resources of the institution for common good. Reciprocity, mutuality, and the co-creation of knowledge have become key to the formation and evaluation of programs. Institutions of higher education, especially those founded as public institutions, are especially called upon to address the needs of the local and the other 90%.
Museum historian Gail Anderson sees these modern-day public and professional expectations of museums as having a radical impact on the role and the structure of museums: The last century of self-examinationreinventing the museumsymbolizes the general movement of dismantling the museum as an ivory tower of exclusivity and toward the construction of a more socially responsive cultural institution in service to the public (2004, 1). In their reinvention and drive to become more responsive, museums have been undergoing infrastructural changesa necessity, as museum studies scholar Serena Iervolino notes:
When museums seek to promote intercultural dialogue, it is necessary that the outcomes of single intercultural activities are built into the museums institutional fabric in order to sustain a transition from a sporadic engagement with intercultural dialogue to a long-term commitment. In doing so, museums may concretely become sharing spaces for intercultural dialogue, that is, institutions in the public sphere where people of different backgrounds can gather and mediate their differences. In this way museums may succeed in actively contributing to more peaceful societies. (2013, 126)
The audience fans out across the Mall for a performance on this stage - photo 3
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