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Takehiko Kariya - Education Reform and Social Class in Japan: The Emerging Incentive Divide

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Takehiko Kariya Education Reform and Social Class in Japan: The Emerging Incentive Divide
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    Education Reform and Social Class in Japan: The Emerging Incentive Divide
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Education Reform and Social Class in Japan
Until the early 1990s, Japanese education was widely commended for achieving outstanding outcomes in global comparison. At the same time, it was frequently criticized for failing to cultivate individuality and creativity in students. Wide-ranging education reforms were enacted during the 1990s to remedy these perceived failings. However, as this book argues, the reforms produced a different outcome than intended, contributing to growing disparity in learning motivation and educational aspiration of students from different class backgrounds instead.
Takehiko Kariya demonstrates by way of empirical sociological analysis that educational inequality in Japan has been expanding, and that a new mechanism of educational selection has begun to operate, which he calls the incentive divide. Casting light on recent changes in Japanese society to critically reassess educational policy choices, this books quantitative and qualitative analyses of the mass education society in post-war Japan offer important insights also for understanding similar problems faced in other parts of the world at present.
Translated into English for the first time, the Japanese language version of Education Reform and Social Class in Japan was awarded the first Osaragi Jiro Prize for Commentary sponsored by the Asahi shinbun . This book will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of Asian studies, Japanese studies, education, sociology and social policy.
Takehiko Kariya is Professor of the Sociology of Japanese Society at the Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies and the Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, UK.
Routledge/University of Tokyo series
Series Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief:
Masashi Haneda
Professor, Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo
Associate Editors:
Jun Furuya, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo
Shinsaku Iwahara, Professor, Graduate School of Law and Politics, University of Tokyo
Hiroshi Mitani, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo
Sh?go Takegawa, Professor, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo
Ry?ko Tsuneyoshi, Professor, Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo
Susumu Yamakage, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo
Hiroshi Yoshikawa, Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo
Managing Editor:
Michael Burtscher, Associate Professor, Division of International Affairs and Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo
1 Koizumi and Japanese Politics
Yu Uchiyama
2 Social Security in Contemporary Japan
A comparative analysis Mari ?sawa
3 Education Reform and Social Class in Japan
The emerging incentive divide Takehiko Kariya
Education Reform and Social Class in Japan
The emerging incentive divide
Takehiko Kariya and Michael Burtscher
Translation edited by Michael Burtscher
Education Reform and Social Class in Japan The Emerging Incentive Divide - image 1
First published 2013
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Gro businesup, an informas
2013 The University of Tokyo
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
The right of Takehiko Kariya to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright1, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Kariya, Takehiko, 1955
Education reform and social class in Japan / Takehiko Kariya.
p. cm. (Routledge/university of tokyo series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. EducationJapan. 2. Educational changeJapan. 3. EducationSocial aspectsJapan. 4. EducationJapanHistory. 5. JapanSocial conditions. I. Title.
LA1312.K344 2013
370.951dc23 2012024823
p. cm. (Routledge/university of tokyo series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. EducationJapan. 2. Educational changeJapan. 3. EducationSocial
aspectsJapan. 4. EducationJapanHistory. 5. JapanSocial
conditions. I. Title.
LA1312.K344 2013
370.951dc23 2012024823
ISBN: 978-0-415-55687-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-07699-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Figures
I.1
I.2
I.3
I.4
1.1
1.2
3.2.1High school enrolment rates (national average and students in Buraku districts)
3.2.2Severity of home life and test scores (accuracy rates).
3.2.3Path analysis for students test scores (second grade in middle school).
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
3.2.4
Tables
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.2.1Average test scores of middle school students in C city
3.2.2Logistic regression analysis for scholastic achievement (second year students at general middle schools)
4.1
4.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
8.1
8.2
5.7.1
5.7.2
Editorial note
This book is a slightly revised and updated translation of the authors Kaiska Nihon to kyiku kiki: fubyd saiseisan kara iyoku kakusa shakai (insentibu dibaido) e , first published by Yshind in 2001. The translation of this book was funded by the University of Tokyo in the framework of its English-Language Monograph Publications Programme.
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