Troels Burchall Henningsen - Western Intervention and Informal Politics: Simulated Statebuilding and Failed Reforms

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Western Intervention and Informal Politics

This book examines the political and military dynamic between threatened local regimes and Western powers, and it argues that the power of informal politics forces local regimes to simulate statebuilding.

Reforms enabling local states to take care of their own terrorist and insurgency threats are a blueprint for most Western interventions to provide a way out of protracted internal conflicts. Yet, local regimes most often fail to implement reforms that would have strengthened their hand. This book examines why local regimes derail the reforms demanded by Western powers when they rely on their support to stay in power during existentially threatening violent crises. Based on the political settlement framework, the author analyses how web-like networks of militarized elites require local regimes to use informal politics to stay in power. Four case studies of Western intervention are presented: Iraq (20112018), Mali (20112020), Chad (20052010), and Algeria (19912000). These studies demonstrate that informal politics narrows strategic possibilities and forces regimes to rely on coup-proofing military strategies, to continue their alliances with militias and former insurgents, and to simulate statebuilding reforms to solve the dilemma of satisfying militarized elites and Western powers at the same time.

This book will be of much interest to students of statebuilding, international intervention, counter-insurgency, civil wars, and international relations.

Troels Burchall Henningsen is an Assistant Professor at the Institute for Strategy and War Studies at the Royal Danish Defence College.

Routledge Studies in Intervention and Statebuilding

The series publishes monographs and edited collections analysing a wide range of policy interventions associated with statebuilding. It asks broader questions about the dynamics, purposes and goals of this interventionist framework and assesses the impact of externally-guided policy-making.

Series Editors: Aidan Hehir, University of Westminster, UK, Pol Bargues, CIDOB (Barcelona Centre for International Affairs), Spain, and Vjosa Musliu, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium

Europeanization and Statebuilding as Everyday Practices

Performing Europe in the Western Balkans

Vjosa Musliu

Kosovo and Transitional Justice

The Pursuit of Justice after Large-scale Conflict

Edited by Aidan Hehir and Furtuna Sheremeti

Statebuilding Missions and Media Development

A Context-Sensitive Approach

Kerstin Tomiak

New Interventionist Just War Theory

A Critique

Jordy Rocheleau

De Facto States and Land-for-Peace Agreements

Territory and Recognition at Odds?

Eiki Berg and Shpend Kursani

Western Intervention and Informal Politics

Simulated Statebuilding and Failed Reforms

Troels Burchall Henningsen

For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Intervention-and-Statebuilding/book-series/RSIS

Western Intervention and Informal Politics Simulated Statebuilding and Failed Reforms

Troels Burchall Henningsen

First published 2022

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2022 Troels Burchall Henningsen

The right of Troels Burchall Henningsen to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Names: Henningsen, Troels Burchall, 1978- author.

Title: Western intervention and informal politics : simulated statebuilding and failed reforms / Troels Burchall Henningsen.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2022. | Series: Routledge studies in intervention and statebuilding | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021037047 (print) | LCCN 2021037048 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032070070 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032070094 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003204978 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Nation-buildingDeveloping countries. | Intervention (International law) | Internal securityDeveloping countries. | CounterinsurgencyDeveloping countries. | Developing countries Foreign relationsWestern countries. | Western countriesForeign relationsDeveloping countries. | Developing countriesPolitics and government.

Classification: LCC D888.W47 H46 2022 (print) | LCC D888.W47 (ebook) | DDC 327.109724dc23/eng/20211012

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021037047

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021037048

ISBN: 978-1-032-07007-0 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-07009-4 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-20497-8 (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003204978

Typeset in Times New Roman

by MPS Limited, Dehradun

Contents

1. The puzzle of non-cooperative, but existentially threatened regimes
2. Informal politics and regime strategy
3. Chad: turning friends into enemies and enemies into friends
4. Mali: counterinsurgency by clients and patrons
5. Iraq: fighting the Islamic State with an unstable alliance
6. Algeria: security institutions fighting for their survival
7. Do politics, organizations, or persons derail reforms?
8. Betting on institutions or persons?

Tables

1. 2.1 General questions guiding the case studies
2. 7.1 Variance in importance of informal politics and the organization, training, and application of force
3. 7.2 Variance in the importance of informal politics and the choices of alignment
4. 7.3 Overview of Western demands for political and administrative reforms

Abbreviations

AAHAsaib Ahl al-Haq (Shia militia and party in Iraq)AISArme Islamique du Salut (Islamist militia in Algeria)ANTArme Nationale TchadienneAQIMAl Qaeda in MaghrebATTMalian President Amadou Toumani TourCDRConseil Dmocratique Rvolutionnaire (insurgent group in Chad)CM-FPRLa Coordination des mouvements et forces patriotiques de rsistance (alliance of pro-government militias in Mali)CPDCCoordination des Partis Politiques pour la Dfense de la Constitution (alliance of civilian opposition parties in Chad)CTSCounter Terrorism ServiceDGSSIEDirection gnrale des services de scurit des institutions de ltat (Presidential guard in Chad)ECOWASEconomic Community of West African StatesETIAEchelons Tactiques Inter-Armes (ethnically mixed military units in Mali)FISFront islamique du salut (Islamist party in Algeria who won the election in 1991)FLN

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