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Anne McNevin - Contesting Citizenship: Irregular Migrants and New Frontiers of the Political

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Book:
Contesting Citizenship: Irregular Migrants and New Frontiers of the Political
Author:
Anne McNevin
Publisher:
Columbia University Press
Genre:
Books / Politics
Year:
2011
City:
New York
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Irregular migrants complicate the boundaries of citizenship and stretch the parameters of political belonging. Comprised of refugees, asylum seekers, illegal labor migrants, and stateless persons, this group of migrants occupies new sovereign spaces that generate new subjectivities. Investigating the role of irregular migrants in the transformation of citizenship, Anne McNevin argues that irregular status is an immanent (rather than aberrant) condition of global capitalism, formed by the fast-tracked processes of globalization.
McNevin casts irregular migrants as more than mere victims of sovereign power, shuttled from one location to the next. Incorporating examples from the United States, Australia, and France, she shows how migrants reject their position as illegal outsiders and make claims on the communities in which they live and work. For these migrants, outsider status operates as both a mode of subjectification and as a site of active resistance, forcing observers to rethink the enactment of citizenship. McNevin connects irregular migrant activism to the complex rescaling of the neoliberal state. States increasingly prioritize transnational market relations that disrupt the spatial context for citizenship. At the same time, states police their borders in ways that reinvigorate territorial identities. Mapping the broad dynamics of political belonging in a neoliberal era, McNevin provides invaluable insight into the social and spatial transformation of citizenship, sovereignty, and power.

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CONTESTING CITIZENSHIP

Contesting Citizenship

Irregular Migrants and New Frontiers of the Political

ANNE McNEVIN

Columbia University Press New York

Columbia University Press

Publishers Since 1893

New York Chichester, West Sussex

cup.columbia.edu

E-ISBN 978-0-231-52224-3

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

McNevin, Anne.

Contesting citizenship : irregular migrants and new frontiers
of the political / Anne McNevin.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-231-15128-3 (cloth : alk. paper)ISBN 978-0-231-52224-3 (e-book)

1. Emigration and immigrationGovernment policy. 2. Citizenship.
3. Illegal aliens. I. Title.

JV6271.M36 2011

325dc22

2010042545

A Columbia University Press E-book.

CUP would be pleased to hear about your reading experience with this e-book at .

References to Internet Web sites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor Columbia University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.

CONTENTS

This book began as an idea in late 2001 against the backdrop of the Tampa affair when Australia refused to allow asylum seekers rescued by the Norwegian container ship Tampa entry into its territories. The incident remains symbolic of Australias recent history of border policing against men, women, and children who for many complex reasons are compelled to seek a better lifeor, indeed, a life at allin states that are not their own. It marked a shift in strategy to evade responsibility for refugee protection by pushing the border offshore into places and jurisdictions where refugees would be treated as illegal bodies and pawns in political maneuvers. The Tampa affair ushered in a political culture that denied association between the boats appearing on Australias shores and the journeys of European Jews fleeing Nazi persecutionthe very (equally thwarted) journeys that inspired states to enshrine refugee protection in international law in the aftermath of World War Two. Instead, the boats and their occupants were actively linked to the sources of insecurity that threatened to erode our sovereign, liberal prosperity.

Ten years on, Australias approach has not been confined to a single chapter in a nervous islands history. In 2010, Kevin Rudds Labor government raised the specter of return to the worst of Howard-era policies, suspending claims for protection for Afghanis and Sri Lankans on the basis that their countries were safe to return to (or would be soon enough) and reopening remote detention centers to accommodate boat arrivals. As this book goes to print, asylum seekers are once again the focus of electioneering as a new Labor leader, Julia Gillard, comes to power. John Howards hard-line stances made Australian policy the envy of governments around the world, and the Australian context continues to inspire strategic innovation in the geographic, temporal, and symbolic technologies deployed to instrumentalize the movement of people. The Tampa affair thus resonates with global trends in border policing against all kinds of outsiders whose deaths on various borderlines is the shocking legacy of our time.

Why is this happening now? Why have specific migration flows that have long been part of the history of an interconnected world only recently been called illegal? And why does the movement of certain kinds of people inspire so much fear and anxiety at a time when cosmopolitanism is the catch-cry of a global age? The shift toward global frames of reference for all manner of human endeavor is a crucial factor in understanding contemporary border policing. Irregular migrants have become scapegoats for a series of rapid transformations that rupture long-held certainties about where and with whom our political cleavages and affiliations lie. The morphing spaces through which we shape our political relation to others and the hardening of borders against irregular migrants are interlinked phenomena that this book attempts to unpack. What human geographies give form to hierarchies whereby some people are welcome everywhere and others nowhere? What constellation of power is underwritten by these arrangements, and how does it operate to make arbitrary distinctions seem like matters of common sense?

These questions are driven by my own grave disturbance at the common sense that has made it possible in Australia, my home, and elsewhere to justify a regime of border control that systematically shatters lives or suspends people in a state of limbo from which few emerge without the scars of profound and ongoing trauma. Yet such scenarios, which so often inspire a deep sense of despair, are only part of the story. A different set of questions is driven by an equally compelling starting point: that irregular migrants are more than passive victims shuttled from one place to another. They are also active agents in the transformation of political belonging. This book also asks about the ways in which irregular migrants contest their positioning as illegitimate intruders on sovereign communities and, in the process, reconstitute the social and spatial parameters of citizenship.

This book has been written in different forms over several years with the support of many people. I am grateful for the time and freedom given to me to devote myself to the task at both the School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University in Canberra and the Global Cities Research Institute at RMIT University in Melbourne. I am indebted to the encouragement, guidance, and intellectual generosity of mentors in both places, to thoughtful and critical feedback from old and new friends and colleagues, and to the good humor of loved ones who showed every confidence without letting me take myself too seriously. Thanks in particular to Jim George, John Dryzek, Kim Huynh, Katrina Lee-Koo, Fiona Browitt, Bina DCosta, Judy Hemming, Barry Hindess, Heather Rae, Jane Stratton, Manfred Steger, Paul James, Lisa Slater, Andy Scerri, Erin Wilson, Vicki Squire, Peter Nyers, and Engin Isin. Heartfelt thanks to my family and partner, Andrew.

In the months leading up to completing the final version of the manuscript, one group of people influenced its human and intellectual development more than they probably realize. I had the great pleasure of sharing time and working with an unlikely bunch of asylum seekers and supporters who joined together in Melbourne to tell their stories on stage. The result of this collaborationthe theater production Journey of Asylum-Waitingconfirmed in my mind the power of everyday acts from below to resist what can sometimes feel like an overwhelming force from above. This groups determination to find ways and means of being political shows me that the human spirit is always more than what can be captured by administrative categories, legal scenarios, and map-drawn spaces. This excess is precisely what holds the greatest potential to redraw and reinvigorate the most rewarding human solidarities. Although these particular stories have not made it into the pages of this book, the book is in many ways about them. To those who invited me so warmly into their journeys of asylum, I am deeply grateful, and this work is dedicated to them.

The discussion of the Australian neoblieral context in draws on an earlier version of the argument in my article The Liberal Paradox and the Politics of Asylum in Australia,

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