Jaroslaw Kurski - Iraq in Transition: A Political, Economic, and Strategic Perspective

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Iraq in Transition

Other Titles Published by Westview Press in Cooperation with The
Center for Strategic and International Studies Georgetown University

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Available in hardcover and paperback.

About the Book and Editor

After twenty-five years of thinly veiled hostility, U.S. relations with post-monarchial Iraq have warmed dramatically. Simultaneously, Iraq's sovereignty has become the keystone of Gulf stability, due to Iraq's military and economic resilience and to the rise of Khomeini's Iran and the waning of Saudi influence. In this book, five leading analysts explore the maturing Iraqi revolution, Iraq's long-term role in the Gulf, and the factors that will affect the future of U.S.-Iraqi political and commercial relations. The authors argue that continuing U.S. interest in the Middle East will demand changes in the U.S. approach toward Iraq. Future cooperation between the two countries, they believe, must be based on increased understanding by the United States of Iraq's people and leaders, and, most important, Iraqi response to the burden of a continuing war.

Frederick W. Axelgard is a Fellow in Middle East Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University.

Published in Cooperation with the Center for Strategic and International Studies Georgetown University

Iraq in Transition

A Political, Economic, and Strategic Perspective

edited by Frederick W. Axelgard

Foreword by Robert G. Neumann

First published 1986 by Westview Press

Published 2018 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1986 by The Center for Strategic and International Studies

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Iraq in transition.
(Westview special studies on the Middle East)
Includes index.
Contents: Introduction / by Frederick Axelgard
Iraqs domestic politics / by Adeed DawishaThe
Iraqi economy / by Jonathan Crusoe[etc.]
1. IraqPolitics and governmentAddresses, essays,
lectures. I. Axelgard, Frederick W. II. Series.
DS79.65.1724 1986 320.9567 85-31525
ISBN 0-8133-0352-4

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Iraq in transition: a political, economic
and strategic perspective.
1. IraqEconomic conditions 2. Iraq
Politics and government 3. Iraq
History1958
I. Axelgard, Frederick W.
330.9567043 DS79.65

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-00658-7 (hbk)

Contents

, Robert G. Neumann

, Frederick W. Axelgard

, Adeed Dawisha

, Jonathan Crusoe

, Edmund Ghareeb

, Mark N. Katz

1. iv

Guide

One of the main objectives of the Center for Strategic and International Studies of Georgetown University is to provide clear analyses of emergent international developments and their implications for U.S. interests. The Middle East Studies Program of CSIS therefore takes pride in the publication of this volume, Iraq in Transition. It treats a country whose potential economic and political significance has long been recognized as vast, but whose domestic instability and international unpredictability have helped discourage substantial interaction with the United States. Now, out of the fog of the Iran-Iraq war, new alignments in Iraq's domestic, regional, and international politics have paved the way for a reassessment of former views.

The changes that have occurred during the last twenty-five years in U.S. relations with Iraq are indeed startling in many respects. Before 1958, Iraq was the Arab country closest to the United States and the backbone of the now-defunct Baghdad Pact. But on July 14, 1958, this abruptly changed when the government of Nuri Said was overthrown in a bloody coup. Thereafter, relations between the two countries deteriorated quickly, from warm to tense to nonexistent.

A period of intense political instability approached its end when the Arab Ba'th (Renaissance) Socialist Party seized power in 1968, although real stability was firmly established only in 1979 when Saddam Hussein became president. With clear foresight, King Hassan II of Morocco told me in 1975, while I served as U.S. ambassador to that country, that Saddam Husseinwho had already emerged as Iraq's strongmanwas fundamentally different from his predecessors and that the United States should see in this the harbinger of closer relations. And it is Saddam Hussein who has gradually moved Iraq towards more cordial relations with the United States. Diplomatic relations between the two countries, broken since 1967, were formally restored in 1984, but prior to that date a U.S. Interest Section in Baghdad and its Iraqi equivalent in Washington helped smooth the path, and economic relations became quite significant.

In addition to being the fourth largest Arab country in population, Iraq under the Ba'th Party has developed as a center of Arab nationalism and secularism, which places it in direct confrontation with the resurgent tide of Islamic fundamentalism. The United States as well as the moderate Arab regimes see in this upsurge a danger to the whole area's relations with the West. Hence Washington concluded some time ago that an Iranian victory over Iraq would be detrimental to the United States. The Soviet Union has come to somewhat similar conclusions. All this has created a growing interest in establishing even closer ties between the United States and Iraq, in both the political and economic realms. U.S. business interest in Iraq's market and investment opportunity has also steadily increased and should accelerate after the long war between Iraq and Iran has come to an end.

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