Vernon M. Briggs - Mass Immigration and the National Interest: Policy Directions for the New Century

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MASS
IMMIGRATION
AND THE
NATIONAL
INTEREST

LABOR AND HUMAN RESOURCES SERIES

LABOR STRUGGLE IN THE POST OFFICE
From Selective Lobbying to Collective Bargaining
John Walsh and Garth L Mangum

LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS IN EUROPE:
A Socioeconomic Evaluation of Performance
Gnther Schmid, Editor

UNION RESILIENCE IN TROUBLED TIMES:
The Story of the Operating Engineers, AFL-CIO, 1960-1993
Garth L. Mangum and John Walsh

LOOK FOR THE UNION LABEL
A History of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union
Gus Tyler

BEYOND SURVIVAL:
Wage Labor in the Late Twentieth Century
Cyrus Bina, Laurie Clements, and Chuck Davis, Editors

THE RISE, FALL, AND REPLACEMENT OF INDUSTRY-WIDE BARGAINING IN THE BASIC STEEL INDUSTRY
Garth L. Mangum and R. Scott McNabb

MASS IMMIGRATION AND THE NATIONAL INTEREST
Policy Directions for the New Century
Third Edition
Vernon M. Briggs, Jr.

MASS
IMMIGRATION
AND THE
NATIONAL
INTEREST

POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR THE NEW CENTURY

THIRD EDITION

VERNON M. BRIGGS, JR.

First published 2003 by M.E. Sharpe

Published 2015 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 2003 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Briggs, Vernon M.
Mass immigration and the national interest: policy directions for the new century / Vernon M. Briggs, Jr.3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7656-0933-9 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 0-7656-0934-7 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. United StatesEmigration and immigrationGovernment policyHistory. 2. Alien laborUnited StatesHistory. 3. Labor marketUnited StatesHistory. I. Title.

JV6483.B75 2003
21

2003042761

ISBN 13: 9780765609342 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 9780765609335 (hbk)

It is both a right and a responsibility of a democratic society to manage immigration so that it serves the national interest.

U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform (1994)

Contents

1. v
2. xiv

Guide

Tables

Figures

As was the case with the two earlier editions (in 1992 and 1996), I have greatly benefitted in the preparation of this edition from access to several research institutions and the assistance of a number of persons. I have been fortunate to have been able to use the staff services and relevant materials of the Catherwood Library at the New York State School of Labor and Industrial Relations at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York; the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library at Hyde Park, New York; and the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, DC. Several officials at the U.S. Census Bureau in Suitland, Maryland, have also been very helpful to me with respect to specific data interpretation questions. I am, of course, solely responsible for the meanings given to such information.

I am also deeply appreciative of the professional work done by Sandra Frey, Thomas Mendez, and Cheryl Noble. Over the past many months they faithfully and competently prepared the numerous drafts that led to the final manuscript. Words alone cannot express the indebtedness I feel.

V.M.B.

MASS
IMMIGRATION
AND THE
NATIONAL
INTEREST

1
Introduction: The Revival of Mass Immigration

The United States is entering the twenty-first century as it did the twentieth century: in the throes of a period of mass immigration. Between these century markers, however, immigration had fallen dramatically for much of the time. Indeed, at mid-century it had declined to such a low level as to have become virtually insignificant in scale and almost irrelevant in importance. In 1965, the foreign-born population accounted for only 4.4 percent of the populationthe lowest percentage in all of U.S. history. When the twentieth century began, the equivalent rate was 13.6 percent and rising; as the twenty-first century begins, it is 11.1 percent and rising.

The post-1965 return of mass immigration as a distinguishing feature of American life has been the product of public policy changes that had inadvertent consequences. It was entirely accidental. No national leaderpresident or legislator from either major political partysought its resurrection. In fact, all of the key legislators responsible for its revival promised the public at the time that it would not happen if the nation agreed to their procedural reforms. But it has, and, once under way, few political leaders have been willing to address the consequences except in broad platitudes.

By the late 1980s, an international team of social science scholars assembled by Even this high number is recognized as underestimating the actual scale of what is transpiring, due to the acknowledged statistical undercount of millions of illegal immigrants who have not been officially recorded.

The long-term effects of mass immigration on U.S. population growth are even more startling. During the decade of the 1980s, immigration accounted for 37 percent of the growth in population; for the 1990s, it was 47 percent. As for the twenty-first century, two demographic studies of the projected influence of prevailing immigration trends on population growth have been madeone by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the other by the National Research Council (NRC) of the

As the new millennium begins, there is no reason to expect that these growth trends will lessen unless specific public policy measures are enacted to reverse course. Immigration stands out among the multitude of change-creating forces buffeting the U.S. economy, its population, and its labor force: Immigration alone is a purely policy-driven occurrence. But, as will be documented, policymakers are reluctant to confront the reality that immigration has both benefits and costs. While extolling the benefitsoften for political advantagesthere has been a reluctance to confront the societal costsfor fear of adverse political reaction by special interest groups and ideologues. Sound public policy, however, rests on the necessity that both concerns be taken into account if national interestsand not special interestsare to be served.

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