Ricardo Wahrendorff Caldas - Brazil in the Uruguay Round of the GATT

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BRAZIL IN THE URUGUAY ROUND OF THE GATT

Brazil in the Uruguay Round of the GATT

The Evolution of Brazils Position in the Uruguay Round, with Emphasis on the Issue of Services

RICARDO WAHRENDORFF CALDAS

First published 1998 by Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Ricardo Wahrendroff Caldas 1998

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 97037028

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-60772-9 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-429-46055-5 (ebk)

Contents

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

BISD Basic Instruments and Selected Documents (GATT)

BOP Balance of Payments

BRP Restrictive Business Practices

CAP Common Agricultural Policy (EU)

CBM Confidence Building Measures

CED Construction, and

CF Common Fund

CG-18 Consultative Group of 18 countries. It advised the Director-General of the GATT prior to his decisions.

DCs Developed Countries

DEPE Special Delivery of Economic Studies

DFA Final Draft Act

DMP Decision Making Process

DPC Division on Trade Policy

EC European Commission

ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America

ECLA United Nations Comission for Latin Amenca

EEC European Economic Community

EFTA European Free-Trade Association

EOI Export Oriented Industrialization

EP European Parliament

EU European Union

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

FOGS Functioning of the GATT System

G-10 Group of 10 LDCs who joined forces to prevent the entrance of the issue of services in the GATT or in the Uruguay Round

G-77 Group of 77. Coalition of LDCs created at UNCTAD (1964)

GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services

GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GNS Group of Negotiations on Services

GSP General System of Preferences

IACO International Civil Aviation Organization

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICO International Coffee Organization

IDB Inter-American Development Bank

IMF International Monetary Fund

IMO International Maritime Organization

INPI Brazilian Institute of Intellectual Property

IPC International Programe of Commodities

IPEA Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research - Brazil

IPR International Property Rights

ISI Import Substitution Industrialization

IT Information Technology

ITAMARATY Brazils Ministry of Foreign Affairs

ITO International Trade Organization

LDCs Less Developed Countries

LJSPA Lyndon Johnson School of Public Administration

MFA Multi Fibre Arrangement

MFN Most Favoured Nation status

MIC Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Brazil)

MINICOM Ministry of Communications (Brazil)

MTN Multilateral Trade Negotiations

MTO Multilateral Trade Organization

NIC Non-Industralized Countries

NIEO New International Economic Order

NTBs Non-Tariff Bathers

NTMs Non-Tariff Measures

OAS Organization of American States

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

PMA Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

QRs Quantitative Restrictions

QTBs Quasi Tariff Barriers

S & D Special and Differential (Treatment)

SEI Special Secretariat for IT issues (Brazil)

SELA Latin American Economic System

SEPLAN Ministry of Planning (Brazil)

SOG Senior Official Group

TDB Trade and Development Board

TNC Trade Negotiating Committee

TNCs Transnational Corporations

TRIMS Tariff Related Investment Measures

TRIPs Tariff Related Intellectual Property Right Measures

UK United Kingdom

UN United Nations

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNCTC United Nations Centre for Transnational Corporations

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

US United States

USSR Formerly the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union)

USTR Office of the United States Trade Representative

VERs Voluntary Export Restraints

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

WTO World Trade Organization

Amorim, Celso	Brazilian Ambassador to the GATT (199193)
Batista, Paulo	Brazilian Ambassador to the GATT (198387)
Brock, William	United States Trade Representative (198085)
Bush, George	President of United States (19881992)
Collor, Fernando	President of Brazil (199092). He adopted a free-trade policy
Hills, Carla	United States Trade Representative (198992)
Huguenet, Clodoaldo	Head of Trade Policy Division at Itamaraty (GATT issues) and main supporter of Batista
Maciel, George	Brazilian Ambassador to the GATT (197982)
Neves, Tancredo	Elected President of Brazil, died before taking power. He was replaced by V.P. Sarney
Reagan, Ronald	President of United States (19801988)
Ricupero, Rubens	Brazilian Ambassador to the GATT (198791)
Sarney, Jos	President of Brazil (198590)
Setbal, Olavo	Minister of Foreign Affairs (19856)
Sodr, Abreu	Minister of Foreign Affairs (198790)
Tarso, Paulo	General-Secretary of Itamaraty, and Minister of Foreign Affairs de facto during Sodrs Tenn (198690). Ambassador Plenipotentiary in the US-Brazil dispute on IT and Head of Brazils Delegation at Montreal Meeting (1988)
Vargas, Getulio	President of Brazil (193045) & (195154)
Yetteur, Clayton	United States Trade Representative (198589)
Yerxa, Rufus	US Ambassador to the GATT

First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Andrew Williams, my former supervisor at the University of Kent at Canterbury (UK) without whom this book would not exist. He created and designed the International Political Economy (IPE) series which made this book possible. I should also like to thank Ashg ate Publishing for their support and encouragement of the IPE project.

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