Haggai Eshed - Reuven Shiloah - the Man Behind the Mossad: Secret Diplomacy in the Creation of Israel

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Haggai Eshed Reuven Shiloah - the Man Behind the Mossad: Secret Diplomacy in the Creation of Israel
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This is the story of Reuven Shiloah - the man who established the Mossad, and laid the foundations for the intelligence community of the State of Israel. The book is based on private archives, and interviews with people who worked closely with Shiloah both in Israel and abroad.

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REUVEN SHILOAH THE MAN BEHIND THE MOSSAD
Secret Diplomacy in the Creation of Israel
Reuven Shiloah
The Man Behind the Mossad
Secret Diplomacy in the Creation of Israel
HAGGAI ESHED
Translated by
DAVID and LEAH ZINDER
Forewords by
SHIMON PERES
and
HAIM HERZOG
Picture 1
FRANK CASS
LONDON PORTLAND, OR
First published in English in 1997 in Great Britain by
FRANK CASS & CO. LTD
2 Park Square, Milton Park,
Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and in the United States of America by
FRANK CASS
270 Madison Ave,
New York NY 10016
Transferred to Digital Printing 2005
Original Hebrew edition published in 1988 by Edanim Publishers
Translation copyright 1997 David and Leah Zinder
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Eshed, Haggai
Reuven Shiloah : the man behind the mossad : secret
diplomacy in the creation of Israel
1. Shiloah, Reuven 2. Israel. Sherut ha-bitahon ha-kelali
3. Intelligence officers Israel Biography
I. Title
327.1256940092
0 7146 4812 4 (cloth)
0 7146 4361 0 (paper)
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the
Library of Congress
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of
Frank Cass and Company Limited.
To My Mother
Contents
List of Illustrations
FIRST SECTION
SECOND SECTION
Foreword to the English Edition
The Israeli intelligence service is known throughout the world as The Mossad. Reuven Shiloah was among the founders of the Mossad, an organization that has earned itself international renown over the years. The word mossad means institution, and one could say of its founder Reuven Shiloah that he was an institution unto himself.
He was one of those rare people that are found in some national governments around the world who deal in the most sensitive aspects of statehood without a clearly defined brief. Trying to define a man like Shiloah in conventional administrative terms is an exercise in futility. Untrammeled as the wind, these people are oblivious to hierarchies or regulations, and create a climate of their own that knows no borders, sometimes toppling trees on the way, while at other times bringing restoration and renewal.
Reuven was possessed of a special grace he knew how to listen and how to make others listen to him. Whatever he heard he absorbed and processed with amazing speed, and what he wanted others to hear he said softly, forcing his interlocutors to focus their entire being on what he was saying.
An embodiment of the saying still waters run deep, it is perhaps no coincidence that he chose to be called by the Hebrew name Shiloah the name of a quiet stream that flows near the Old City of Jerusalem, which in Biblical times supplied water through an underground channel to the residents of the city.
And he ran deep indeed. His knowledge of the Arab world, of the Middle East, of events in Washington and the capitals of Europe was unparalleled. Everyone, from all walks of Israeli political life, listened to him, particularly David Ben-Gurion, founder of the State of Israel and its Prime Minister for fifteen years, and Ben-Gurions rival, Moshe Sharett, who trusted Reuven Shiloah implicitly, never once doubting either his loyalty or his expertise.
Reuven was the main source of classified information for the state, but in contrast to the typical Mossad operative, he was also an endless source of new and strikingly original ideas.
It was he who developed the concept of thePeriphery creating ties between Israel and the countries beyond the immediate circle of hostile neighbors (the Arab countries along Israels borders Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and indeed all the Arab countries refused in his time to recognize the State of Israel and boycotted it), countries like Turkey, Iran, Ethiopia, Sudan and ultimately some African nations as well.
He harnessed his considerable intellectual energies to the implementation of these ideas, bringing about Ben-Gurions personal involvement in meetings with political leaders from these countries to try to establish the effectiveness of this peripheral alliance. This was a groundbreaking idea, but, as is the case with many innovations, it is not only the groundbreaking that determines their fate, but also the construction on the site. In time it transpired that it was difficult to maintain this process over the long term.
Another idea Reuven Shiloah developed was the possibility of Israels integration into NATO. We thought that this would deter the Arabs from attacking us, and it is quite possible that if we had been accepted into the European defense organization we might have been spared three bloody wars. David Ben-Gurion asked Reuven Shiloah and myself to crisscross the NATO nations and discuss this possibility with their leaders, and so we did. Most of the NATO member nations agreed, but membership in the organization required unanimous approval by all members, and the Scandinavian countries at that time were opposed to any expansion of NATO, thus bringing Reuvens initiative to an end.
Reuven Shiloah invested a great deal of time and energy in forging ties between diplomatic and security circles in Israel and the United States, in order to ensure Israels qualitative edge in the face of the Arabs overwhelming quantitative superiority. But most important of all, Reuven Shiloah never relented or took no for an answer in his unceasing efforts to open doors to ensure support for Israel, or to exploit even the most minute cracks in the wall of Arab hostility. These efforts were made in the dark, but the openings he created remained as open invitations, waiting for the day when it would be possible to widen them and break through to new diplomatic vistas.
Haggai Eshed a superb journalist, in fact one of the best and most conscientious publicists Israel has known attempted in this book to paint a portrait of Reuven Shiloah, to depict his unique personality and extraordinary achievements. As a close personal friend, I know how much thought, talent and emotion Haggai invested in this book.
This book, therefore, is the fruit of a unique combination of the interest and curiosity of an important writer, and the history of a statesman of rare quality.
It is this combination that renders the book a most impressive document with a clear message for the future.
Shimon Peres
Tel Aviv
15 Tevet 5757
25 December 1996
Foreword to the Hebrew Edition
The chronicles of nations are replete with names of great leaders, those men and women who peopled the highest political, diplomatic, military and economic echelons of their country the policy-makers who stood at the crossroads of vital national issues in times of peace and growth, crisis and war.
Very little, if anything at all, is ever written about the faceless people, those anonymous soldiers who toil behind the scenes in the shadow of their leaders. Yet these unknown men and women very often have a profound and far-reaching influence on the people and the countries they serve. It is they who, far from the limelight, plod through dreary staff work, developing concepts, plans and ideas, working tirelessly to process details, prepare documents, tie up loose ends in short, do all the complex, unsung groundwork that is necessary for the smooth functioning of government, politics and diplomacy. They are the sword-bearers who make it possible for national leaderships to take action and implement their policies.
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