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Judy Dodge Cummings - The Civil War: The Struggle that Divided America

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Book:
The Civil War: The Struggle that Divided America
Author:
Judy Dodge Cummings
Publisher:
Nomad Press
Genre:
Books / Politics
Year:
2017
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Slavery or freedom? The question of whether to make the United States a slave country or to make all people free was the question that pitted the states against each other in a brutal battle. In The Civil War: The Struggle that Divided America, readers ages 12-15 explore this conflict through the eyes and ears of the men and women who were touched by the clash that left more than 700,000 soldiers dead. Following the American Revolution, slavery was enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. However, the United States still wrestled with whether it would be a country of slavery or grant freedom for all. The southern states relied on slaverys economic role, while the northern states, though also beneficiaries of the benefits of slavery, were closer to deciding that the institution should be outlawed. The rapid territorial expansion of the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century created a series of crises that upset the delicate balance of power between free and slave states, ultimately sparking the Civil War. President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, sounding the death knell of slavery. This act permitted African-Americans to join the fight and enslaved people fled to Northern lines. The Confederacy lost slave labor, one of its greatest war weapons. The Union implemented a strategy of total war, which achieved victory, but only after shocking carnage. The Confederate army surrendered on April 9, 1865, but celebrations in the north were short-lived. A week later, President Lincoln was assassinated. The legacies of the Civil War are far reaching and include the abolition of slavery and the endurance of a unified nation. In The Civil War: The Struggle that Divided America, readers follow in the footsteps of two young men, Elisha Hunt Rhodes and Sam Watkins. From opposite sides, these men fought for similar reasonsadventure, country, and freedom. Readers become myth busters as they examine primary source documents to prove slaverys role in causing the war and experience the life of a soldier as they evaluate patriotic music, design models of battlefield fortifications, and explore camp life. Other activities include calculating the mathematics of death and examining the role women played in providing medical care and on the home front. The Civil War was the central crisis in American history. The issues at the heart of the conflictrace, freedom, and citizenshipstill resonate today.

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Nomad Press A division of Nomad Communications 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright - photo 1

Nomad Press

A division of Nomad Communications

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review or for limited educational use .

The trademark Nomad Press and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.

ISBN Softcover: 978-1-61930-606-6

ISBN Hardcover: 978-1-61930-602-8

Educational Consultant, Marla Conn

Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to

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Civil War

What are source notes?

In this book, youll find small numbers at the end of some paragraphs. These numbers indicate that you can find source notes for that section in the back of the book. Source notes tell readers where the writer got their information. This might be a news article, a book, or another kind of media. Source notes are a way to know that what you are reading is true information that other people have verified. They can also lead you to more places where you can explore a topic that youre curious about!

TIMELINE

1619	The first African slaves arrive in Jamestown, Virginia.
1787	The United States Constitution is written, guaranteeing protections for slave owners.
1820	The Missouri Compromise becomes law in an attempt to balance the power between slave states and free states.
1833	The American Antislavery Society is established by abolitionists committed to ending slavery.
18461848	The United States fights a war with Mexico and wins extensive territory in the South and West.
1850	The Fugitive Slave Law is passed in another attempt to pacify Southern states, but the harsh law angers citizens in free states.
May 30, 1854	The Kansas-Nebraska Act is passed, permitting these territories to vote on whether they want slavery or not. Two years later, Kansas explodes in violence between proponents and opponents of slavery.
May 6, 1857	In the Dred Scott Decision, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that even free African Americans are not citizens and the government cannot restrict slave owners right to take their slaves into free states.
October 16, 1859	Radical abolitionist John Brown raids the armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in an effort to launch a slave rebellion.
November 6, 1860	Abraham Lincoln is elected president of the United States.
December 20, 1860	South Carolina is the first state to secede from the Union.
February 4, 1861	The Confederate States of America is formed.
April 12, 1861	The opening shots of the Civil War are fired when Confederate artillery bombs Fort Sumter.
July 21, 1861	The First Battle of Bull Run occurs near Manassas, Virginiathis is the first major engagement of the Civil War.
April 67, 1862	The Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee results in more casualties than in all American wars combined up to this point.
September 17, 1862	The Battle of Antietam takes place in Sharpsburg, Marylandthis is the bloodiest day in American history.
January 1, 1863	President Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in rebelling states and permitting African Americans to join the military.
July 13, 1863	The Battle of Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania, General Lees second and last attempt to invade the North, fails.
May 18July 4, 1863	The Union siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, ends in victory, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River.
July 1113, 1863	People in New York City riot over the draft.
November 15December 21, 1864	General Sherman leads the Union army on a destructive march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia.
March 4, 1865	President Lincoln is inaugurated into office for a second term.
April 9, 1865	General Lee surrenders to General Grant at the Appomattox Court House in Appomattox, Virginia, signaling the Civil War is all but over.
April 14, 1865	President Lincoln is shot while attending a play at Fords Theater in Washington, DC.
April 15, 1865	Abraham Lincoln dies. Vice President Andrew Johnson is sworn in as president.
18651877	The period known as Reconstruction works to bring the former Confederate states back into the Union and establish basic rights for former slaves.

Introduction What Was the Civil War Why did the South decide to secede - photo 5

Introduction

What Was the Civil War?

Why did the South decide to secede from the North and form the Confederacy - photo 7

Why did the South decide to secede from the North and form the Confederacy?

Many different factors were part of the Souths decision to secede from the - photo 8

Many different factors were part of the Souths decision to secede from the United States, but the main issue that drove a wedge between the two sides was slavery.

Slavery or freedom? The question of whether to keep the United States a slave country or to grant freedom to all people was the issue that pitted the states against each other in a brutal conflict called the Civil War. This war raged from 1861 to 1865 and left more than 700,000 soldiers dead.

Why did the United States go to war with itself? What was at stake? Was the result of the conflict worth the horrific bloodshed? The buildup to the Civil War was a long one, beginning with the arrival of a slave ship in Virginia in 1619. However, the first official shots of the war were fired on a small island in South Carolina.

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