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Michael E. Vance - Imperial Immigrants: The Scottish Settlers of the Upper Ottawa Valley, 1815-1840

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Imperial Immigrants: The Scottish Settlers of the Upper Ottawa Valley, 1815-1840: summary, description and annotation

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The impact of the British Empire on the history of the Upper Ottawa Valley is explored through the experiences of early emigration-assisted 19th-century Scottish immigrants.

Between 1815 and 1832, Great Britain settled more than 3,500 individuals, mostly from the Scottish Lowlands, in the Ottawa Valley. These government-assisted emigrations, which began immediately after the Napoleonic Wars, are explored to reveal their impact on Upper Canada.

Seeking to transform their lives and their society, early Scots settlers crossed the Atlantic for their own purposes. Although they did not blindly serve the interests of empire builders, their settlement led to the dispossession of the original First Nation inhabitants, thus supporting the British imperial governments strategic military goals. After transferring homeland religious and political conflict to the colony, Scottish settlers led the demand for political reform that emerged in the 1830s. As a consequence, their migration and settlement reveals as much about the depth of social conflict in the homeland and in the colonies as it does about the preoccupations of the British imperial state.

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Abbreviations

AO: Archives of Ontario, Toronto

Con.: Concession Line

DCB: Dictionary of Canadian Biography

DNB: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

LAC: Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa

NAS: National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh

NA(UK): National Archives (United Kingdom), Kew, England

PCA: Presbyterian Church in Canada, Archives and Records Office, Toronto

QUA: Queens University Archives, Kingston, Ontario

SBA: Scottish Business Archive, University of Glasgow

UCA: United Church of Canada Archives, Toronto

W.S.: Writer to the Signet

Acknowledgements

T his book began life as a series of lectures that I gave to the Ontario Genealogical Society at their Migration Mosaic Seminar held in Ottawa in May 2000. The enthusiastic reception received from that very knowledgeable group encouraged me to consider making my research available to a wider audience. This plan received the keen support of Barry Penhale and Jane Gibson at Natural Heritage Books/Dundurn Press. Indeed, without their encouragement this book would never have been completed. There have been many challenges that had to be overcome, and I am grateful to Jane Gibson as editor for helping me navigate these difficulties.

Historical research of any kind relies on a great many institutions and individuals in order to be successful. I have benefitted enormously from the generous assistance provided by the staff at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa, the Archives of Ontario, the National Archives in Edinburgh, and the National Archives at Kew Gardens in London.

While it would be impossible to acknowledge all those who have given me invaluable assistance, I would like to particularly thank several individuals. Barbara J. Griffith very generously shared with me her own research on the Scottish community in North Sherbrooke Township, and Karen Smith, Killam Library, Dalhousie University, gave invaluable assistance with the selection of images for this book. Emma Garden worked very patiently with me on the maps and I am very thankful for her attention to detail. Dr. Rene Hulan also carefully read over the entire manuscript in draft form and her suggestions are gratefully incorporated into this final version. I am indebted to her in ways far too numerous to mention here.

Finally, I wish to acknowledge the grant support that I have received over the years from the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research at Saint Marys University. That support allowed me to make the numerous trips needed to track down sources at various archives in Ontario and the United Kingdom.

It remains to be said, that while I have benefitted from the assistance provided by others, any errors or omissions in the following text are my sole responsibility.

Michael E. Vance

Halifax, Nova Scotia

Appendix I

Rideau Purchase Supplement


Return showing the present scale of Annual Presents made to Chiefs of the Mississauga tribes of Bay of Quinty and Kingston and additional proposed to be made in account of the surrender of land agreed for in 1819 and commonly called the Rideau purchase.

List of Mississauga leaders appended to the final Rideau Purchase Treaty - photo 1
List of Mississauga leaders appended to the final Rideau Purchase Treaty - photo 2

List of Mississauga leaders appended to the final Rideau Purchase Treaty November 28, 1822.

Appendix II Sergeant Simon Grays Discharge Papers HIS MAJESTYs 4th Royal - photo 3
Appendix II

Sergeant Simon Grays Discharge Papers


HIS MAJESTYs 4th Royal Veteran Battalion, whereof
General LOWTHER LORD MUNCASTER is Colonel.

THESE are to certify, that Simon Gray Sergeant in Captain John Jenkins Company in the Regiment aforesaid: born in the Parish of Inverness in, or near the Town of Inverness in the Country of Inverness hath served in the said Regiment for the Space of four Years and one hundred twenty three Days, as likewise in other Corps, according to the following Statement, but in consequence of the Battalion being ordered to be disbounded~Being wounded in action is Right hand & Leg in the island of Grenada W.I. 8th April 1795~and is desirous of residing in Canada until the decision of the Commissioners of Chelsea is known .

is considered unfit for further Service Abroad, and is proposed to be discharged; and has been ordered to remain in Quebec Canada until his case may be finally determined on, having first received all just Demands of Pay, Clothing, &c. from his entry into the said Regiment, to the Date if this Discharge, as appears by the Receipt on the Back hereof, [except*] and that he has no Claims, whatever one the 4th Royal Veteran Battalion

And to prevent any improper Use being made of this Discharge, by its failing into other Hands, the following is a Description of the said Simon Gray He is about Sixty One Years of Age, is five Feet Inches in height, Brown Hair, Grey Eyes, Swarthy Complexion, and by Trade a Labourer .

*Any Claims reserved for Investigation at Home, are to be here specified; if none. Care must be taken that the Blank is filled up with the following Words, viz. and that he has no Claim whatever upon the Regiment.

STATEMENT OF SERVICE

Given under my Hand and Seal of the Regiment at Quebec the Seventh Day of - photo 4
Given under my Hand and Seal of the Regiment at Quebec the Seventh Day of - photo 5
Given under my Hand and Seal of the Regiment at Quebec the Seventh Day of - photo 6

Given under my Hand and Seal of the Regiment at Quebec the Seventh Day of January 1817

Wllm Macpherson Commanding Officer

Lt. Col (late 4th R. V. Bn)

I certify that the above mentioned ____________ is unfit for further Service.
___ Day of ________ 18___

In Consquence of the above, ____________ is hereby Discharged.
___ Day of ________ 18___ Commandant.

I Simon Gray do acknowledge I have received all my Clothing, Pay, Arrears of Pay, and all just Demands whatsoever, from the Time of my enlisting in the Regiment mentioned on the other side, to this Day of my Discharge, / vide / 24th September 1816,

his

Simon X Gray

mark

As witness my Hand this Seventh Day of January 1817

Witness Saml Brazier

Segt Major 4 R.V.Bn.

I do hereby certify that the Cause of which has rendered it necessary to discharge the within-mentioned Sergeant Simon Gray as stated on the opposite side, has not arisen from Vice of Misconduct, and that he is not, to my Knowledge, incapacitated by the sentence of a General Court Martial from receiving his Pension. His General Character is very good & is highly Recommended

Surgeon Wllm Macpherson Commanding Officer

Lt. Col (late 4th R. V. Bn)

N.B. When a Soldier has lost an Eye of Limb, or has been wounded or disabled in the Service; the Discharge must particularly express the Cause from whence proceeding, as when, where, and how it took place. Should any mark remain in consequence, it is to be noticed in the Mans description; the Surgeon, or Assistant Surgeon in his absence, will sign his Name in the Margin, opposite the Cause assigned for the Discharge being granted, which will be considered the Commanding Officers Certificate above. The Period of Service in the Body of Discharge , is to filled up in Words at length, and in Figures . Service prior to the Age of Eighteen, is not to be included in the within Statement .

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