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Carl Saxer - From Transition to Power Alternation: Democracy in South Korea, 1987-1997

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Book:
From Transition to Power Alternation: Democracy in South Korea, 1987-1997
Author:
Carl Saxer
Publisher:
Routledge
Genre:
Books / Politics
Year:
2013
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In 1987 South Korea began a democratic transition after almost three decades of significant economic development under authoritarian rule. Increased civil unrest caused by dissatisfaction resulted in the regime agreeing to constitutional changes in the summer of 1987. By 1992 the first president without a military background was elected and during his tenure a further deepening of democracy took place. These reforms were instrumental in making it possible that in 1997 for the first time in South Korean history an opposition candidate was elected president. This book examines the initial transition and later attempts at consolidating democracy in South Korea, and argues that although significant progress had been made and a power alternation achieved by late 1997, South Korea could not, by the end of that decade (1987-97), be considered a consolidated democracy.

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E AST A SIA
H ISTORY , P OLITICS , S OCIOLOGY ,
C ULTURE

Edited By

Edward Beauchamp

University of Hawaii

A R OUTLEDGE S ERIES

E AST ASIA
H ISTORY , P OLITICS , S OCIOLOGY , C ULTURE
E DWARD B EAUCHAMP , General Editor

M ODERN E DUCATION , T EXTBOOKS, AND THE I MAGE OF THE N ATION

Politics and Modernization and Nationalism in Korean Education: 1880-1910

Yoonmi Lee

P ROBLEMS OF D EMOCRATIZATION IN C HINA

Thomas G. Lum

T HE U NKNOWN C ULTURAL R EVOLUTION

Educational Reforms and Their Impact on Chinas Rural Development, 1966-1976

Dongping Han

M AOS P REY

The History of Chen Renbing, Liberal Intellectual

Jeanette Ford Fernandez

T HE R OOTS OF J APANS E NVIRONMENTAL P OLICIES

Amy Wong

T HE O RIGINS OF THE B ILATERAL O KINAWA P ROBLEM

Okinawa in Postwar US-Japan

Relations, 1945-1952

Robert D. Eldridge

South-South Transfer

A Study of Sino-African Exchanges

Sandra Gillespie

S TUDYING THE E NEMY

Japan Hands in Republican China and Their Quest for National Identity

Christiane I. Reinhold

S ELF -R ELIANCE OR S ELF -D ESTRUCTION?

Success and Failure of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Koreas

Development Strategy of Self-Reliance Juche

Phillip H. Park

T HIRD D ELIGHT

The Internationalization of Higher

Education in China

Rui Yang

S TRUGGLE FOR N ATIONAL S URVIVAL

Eugenics in Sino-Japanese Contexts, 1896-1945

Yuehtsen Juliette Chung

R ETHINKING J APANS I DENTITY AND I NTERNATIONAL R OLE

An Intercultural Perspective

Susanne Klien

J APANS F OREIGN P OLICY M ATURATION

A Quest for Normalcy

Kevin J. Cooney

V ILLAGE , M ARKET AND W ELL -B EING IN A R URAL C HINESE T OWNSHIP

Tamara Perkins

H ISTORY OF J APANESE P OLICIES IN E DUCATION A ID TO D EVELOPING C OUNTRIES , 1950S-1990S

The Role of the Sub governmental Processes

Takao Kamibeppu

E NGINEERING THE S TATE

The Huai River and Reconstruction in Nationalist China, 1927-1937

David A. Pietz

F ROM T RANSITION TO P OWER
A LTERNATION

Democracy in South Korea, 1987-1997

Carl. J. Saxer

Routledge

New York & London

Published in 2002 by

Routledge

270 Madison Ave,

New York NY 10016

Published in Great Britain by

Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park,

Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

Transferred to Digital Printing 2010

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Saxer, Carl J.

From transition to power alternation : democracy in South Korea, 1987-1997 / by Carl J. Saxer.

p. cm. (East Asia : history, politics, sociology, culture)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-415-93393-5

1. DemocracyKorea (South) 2. DemocratizationKorea (South) 3. Korea (South)Politics and government1988- I. Title. II. East Asia (New York, N.Y.) JQ1729.A15 S39 2002

320.9519509049dc21

2002021954

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent.

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Abbreviations

ANSP	Agency for National Security Planning
CCEJ	Citizens Coalition for Economic Justice
CDS	Capitalist Developmental State
CEMC	Central Election Management Committee
CISJD	Christian Institute for Justice and Development
DIA	Defense Intelligence Agency
DJP	Democratic Justice Party
DKP	Democratic Korea Party
DLP	Democratic Liberal Party
DMZ	De-Militarized Zone
DP	Democratic Party
DSC	Defense Security Command
EPB	Economic Planning Board
FKI	Federation of Korean Industries
GNP	Grand National Party
IMF	International Monetary Fund
KCTU	Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
KFTU	Korean Federation of Trade Unions
KNP	Korea Nationalist Party
LDC	Liberal Democratic Coalition
NCDC	National Coalition for a Democratic Constitution
NCNP	National Congress for New Politics
NDP	New Democratic Party
NDRP	New Democratic Republican Party
NKDP	New Korea Democratic Party
NKP	New Korea Party
NSL	National Security Law
NSP	New Socialist Party
NSS	National Security State
RDP	Reunification Democratic Party
ULP	United Liberal Party
UPP	Unification Peoples Party

Note on Romanization

I N GENERAL, KOREAN WORDS AND NAMES IN THIS STUDY CONFORM TO A modified McCune-Reischauer transliteration system. Exceptions are made for those individuals who have their own more familiar renderings (e.g. Syngman Rhee, Park Chung-hee and Chun Doo-hwan). Where a preferred rendering is not known, the McCune-Reischauer system is used. With a very few exceptions family names precede given names and given names are hyphenated. Although I do use diacritical markings when transliterating Korean authors names and book titles, I omit these markings when transliterating names of regions and places, such as Taejon and Cholla province.

Acknowledgments

T HROUGHOUT THE WRITING OF THIS BOOK, AND THE DISSERTATION ON which it builds, I have benefited from the support of a large number of people. First among them must be Professor Rosemary Foot to whom I express my deepest appreciation for her endless support during my years at Oxford. Even in the darkest moments she was a constant source of encouragement. Many thanks go to Professor J.A.A. Stockwin at the Nissan Institute, Oxford for his insightful comments and suggestions on the dissertation on which this book builds.

In Copenhagen Professor Kjeld Erik Brodsgaard has ever since my graduate studies there been very helpful in more ways and instances than I can mention here. He served as my first introduction to how serious research is conducted, and was with good humor the recipient of numerous requests for assistance.

In Seoul Professor Choi Sang-yong, Dr. Choi Kwang-pil and later Professor Choi Jang-jip, welcomed me at the Asiatic Research Centre, Korea University for which I owe them my gratitude. Numerous librarians at Korea University Library, the Korea Social Science Research Library, the National Library, and at the National Assembly Library generously helped with locating material.

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