Piercing the bamboo curtain
Piercing the bamboo curtain
Tentative bridge-building to China during the Johnson years
Michael Lumbers
Copyright Michael Lumbers 2008
The right of Michael Lumbers to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
ISBN 978 0 7190 7778 4
First published 2008
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Typeset
by Helen Skelton Publishing, Brighton, UK
Printed in Great Britain
by CPI Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
Contents
Acknowledgements
Nothing gives me greater pleasure knowing that Andrew Humphrys will see this work appear in print. This book is based on a doctoral dissertation completed at the London School of Economics under the supervision of Odd Arne Westad, whose name seems to appear in the acknowledgements page of every book written on a topic relating to the Cold War. He read the entire manuscript, offered encouragement and helpful suggestions throughout a gruelling process, proposed a rather inspiring title for the project, and, perhaps most importantly, eventually instilled in me an acute aversion to paragraphs that are three pages long. Nigel Ashton and Steven Casey, both from the LSE, kindly read portions of my work and took out time from their taxing schedules to discuss various ideas or provide other assistance.
I am enormously indebted, personally and academically, to Robert Accinelli. He has endured countless self-pitying monologues, engaged me in hours of stimulating conversation about American politics, read and commented on everything I have ever sent, and helped me to develop and refine my ideas. He has spent even more time encouraging, reassuring, inspiring, pushing, and guiding me. If the true measure of a great professor is the ability to transfer his own passion for learning onto others, then he is unquestionably in a class of his own. No one is better: past, present, or future. Heres to you, Bob. Thank you.
This project could never have been completed (or attempted) without the invaluable financial assistance provided by Mom and Dad, the London Goodenough Association of Canada, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation, the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Foundation, Universities UK (Overseas Research Student Award), and (without their knowing it) Intercon Security. The bulk of the research was undertaken at a number of American archives. I must single out for praise and gratitude the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library in Austin, Texas. There is obviously no better place to indulge ones interest in surely one of the most fascinating and formidable political personalities in American history. LBJ, whose competitive streak was legendary, can rest easy that his library has more than earned its reputation as the nations leading depository for presidential papers. The staff are knowledgeable, courteous, and efficient. Moreover, they all seem to be genuinely interested in their jobs. Mike Parrish and Shannon Jarrett were especially helpful. My research also profited from interviews with former Johnson officials Walt Rostow and James Thomson, both of whom were very generous with their time.
An earlier version of was published as Staying out of this Chinese muddle: The Johnson administrations response to the Cultural Revolution in Diplomatic History 31:2 (April 2007). I am grateful for permission to reprint portions of these articles in revised form.
I would be truly remiss if I did not acknowledge my family. Ken is the only person on this planet who understands my sense of humour. Despite being a brother, he is a tremendous friend who is dearly loved. If subjected to painful interrogation, he would probably admit the same of me. It is beyond my capacity to express what my mother and father mean to me. I could never love anyone as much as I love them, even though I have a bizarre way of showing it. I dedicate this book to my parents and, with a heavy heart, to the beloved memory of Buffy, the most wonderful little friend Ill ever know. Not only is it the last show of the tour, but its the last show that well ever do. Thank you.
Abbreviations
ACA | (Office of) Asian Communist Affairs |
CCNE | Chinese Communist Nuclear Explosion |
CCP | Chinese Communist Party |
ChiCom | Chinese Communists |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency |
CINCPAC | Commander in Chief, Pacific |
CRG | Cultural Revolution Group |
CWIHP | Cold War International History Project (Washington, DC) |
DRV | Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) |
DSB | Department of State Bulletin |
EA | Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State (from November 1966) |
FE | Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs, Department of State (1949October 1966) |
FO | Foreign Office |
FRUS | Foreign Relations of the United States |
GRC | Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) |
INR | Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State |
ISA | Bureau of International Security Affairs, Department of Defense |
JCT Papers | James C. Thomson Papers (JFKL) |
JFK | John Fitzgerald Kennedy |
JFKL | John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library (Boston, Massachusetts) |
LBJ | Lyndon Baines Johnson |
LBJL | Lyndon Baines Johnson Library (Austin, Texas) |
NA | National Archives (College Park, Maryland) |
NIE | National Intelligence Estimate |
NLF | National Liberation Front |
NSC | National Security Council |
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