Major General Ian Cardozo - The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivors Stories
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9 December 1971. 8.45 p.m. Torpedoed by a Pakistani submarine, the INS Khukri sank within minutes. Along with the ship, 178 sailors and 18 officers made the supreme sacrifice. Last seen calmly puffing on his cigarette, Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla, captain of the Khukri, chose to go down with his ship. This defining moment of the 1971 war between India and Pakistan is the basis of Major General Ian Cardozos attempt to understand what happened that day and why. Major General Cardozo brings fresh insight into the hellish ordeal by including the heartfelt accounts of the survivors and of the members of their families. These accounts transform the stereotypical understanding of the incident; they also supplement it. We glimpse fear, trauma and death at first hand. In the annals of war writing, General Cardozo humanizes this cataclysmic event as never before.
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THE SINKING OF
INS
KHUKRI
INS
KHUKRI
Major General Ian Cardozo was born in Mumbai and studied at St Xavier's School and College. In July 1954, he joined the Joint Services Wing which later became the National Defence Academy. Here he was the first cadet to win the gold medal for being the best all-round cadet, and the silver medal for being first in order of merit. He was commissioned at the Indian Military Academy into the 1st Battalion the Fifth Gorkha Rifles (FF) in 1958 and was the first officer of the Army to be awarded the Sena Medal for gallantry on a patrol in NEFA in 1960. Wounded in the battle of Sylhet in Bangladesh in 1971, he overcame the handicap of losing a leg and became the first officer to be approved for command of an Infantry Battalion. He retired in 1993 from his appointment as Chief of Staff of a Corps in the East.
Author of The Sinking of INS-Khukri: Survivor's Stories and Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle, he has worked with the Spastics Society of Northern India. At present he is working for persons with disability as Chairman of the Rehabilitation Council of India and is the Vice President of the War Wounded Foundation.
ROLI BOOKS
This digital edition published in 2015
First published in hardback in 2006 by
This revised edition published in 2015
The Lotus Collection
An Imprint of Roli Books Pvt. Ltd
M-75, Greater Kailash- II Market
New Delhi 110 048
Phone: ++91 (011) 40682000
Email: info@rolibooks.com
Website: www.rolibooks.com
This revised edition published in 2015
The Lotus Collection
An Imprint of Roli Books Pvt. Ltd
M-75, Greater Kailash- II Market
New Delhi 110 048
Phone: ++91 (011) 40682000
Email: info@rolibooks.com
Website: www.rolibooks.com
Copyright Major General (Retd) Ian Cardozo AVSM, SM, 2006
Cover Design: Nitisha Mehta
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in a retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, print reproduction, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Roli Books. Any unauthorized distribution of this e-book may be considered a direct infringement of copyright and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.
eISBN: 978-93-5194-099-9
All rights reserved.
This e-book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated, without the publishers prior consent, in any form or cover other than that in which it is published.
This e-book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated, without the publishers prior consent, in any form or cover other than that in which it is published.
Dedicated
to
the officers and men of the Indian Navy
who gave their lives in the defence of India
during the Indo-Pak war of 1971
and
to the loved ones
they left behind
to
the officers and men of the Indian Navy
who gave their lives in the defence of India
during the Indo-Pak war of 1971
and
to the loved ones
they left behind
CONTENTS
Across the Waves
The Pakistan Navys Survivors Stories
The Pakistan Navys Survivors Stories
Strategy and the Principles of War
Standard Operating Procedures
and Naval Traditions
Standard Operating Procedures
and Naval Traditions
Acknowledgements
In order to lend authenticity to the story of INS Khukri and what happened in 1971, quotes have been included in the narrative from books published in India and Pakistan. I felt it necessary to acknowledge both the authors and the publishers for these quotes. Details are given chapter-wise below:
Chapter 1
Pg 3: the quote is taken from Prepare or Perish by General KVK Rao. Lancer International, New Delhi, 1991, pg 119.
Pg 3,4: the quotes are taken from Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy 1965-1975 by Vice Admiral GM Hiranandani, Naval Headquarters in association with Lancer Publishers, New Delhi, 1999, pg 48.
Pg 5: the quote is taken from Blueprint to Bluewater The Indian Navy 1951-65 by Rear Admiral Satyendra Singh, Lancer International, New Delhi, 1992, pg 420.
Pg 9: the quote is taken from We Dared by Admiral SN Kohli, Lancer International, New Delhi, 1989, pg 2.
Pg 10: the quote is taken from Blueprint to Bluewater The Indian Navy 1951-65 by Rear Admiral Satyendra Singh, Lancer International, New Delhi, 1992, pg 434.
Pg 13: the quotes are taken from Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy 1965-1975 by Vice Admiral GM Hiranandani, Naval Headquarters in association with Lancer Publishers, New Delhi, 1999, pgs 30, 31.
Chapter 2
Pg 29: the quote is taken from The Man Who Bombed Karachi by Admiral SM Nanda, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 2004, pg 174.
Pg 34: the quote is taken from Surrender at Dacca: Birth of a Nation by Lt Gen JFR Jacob, Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
Pg 35, 36: the quotes are taken from War in the Indian Ocean by Vice Admiral Mihir K Roy, Lancer Publishers, New Delhi, 1995.
Pg 36: the quote is taken from Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy 1965-1975 by Vice Admiral GM Hiranandani, Naval Headquarters in association with Lancer Publishers, New Delhi, 1999, pg 142.
Pg 38: the quotes are taken from Story of the Pakistan Navy 1947-1972, Pakistan Navy Historical Section, Naval Headquarters, Islamabad, 1991, pg 337
Pg 40: the quotes are taken from Surrender at Dacca: Birth of a Nation by Lt Gen JFR Jacob, Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, 1997, pg 104 and Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy 1965-1975 by Vice Admiral GM Hiranandani, Naval Headquarters in association with Lancer Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.
Pg 44: the quotes are taken from The Man Who Bombed Karachi by Admiral SM Nanda, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 2004, pgs 206, 207
Pg 50: the quote is taken from Story of the Pakistan Navy 1947-1972, Pakistan Navy Historical Section, Naval Headquarters, Islamabad, 1991, pgs 356, 357.
Pgs 50, 51: the quote is taken from The Man Who Bombed Karachi by Admiral SM Nanda, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 2004, pgs 218, 219.
Pg 52: the quote is taken from Liberation and Beyond by JN Dixit, Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1999, pgs 88, 89.
Pg 60: the quotes are taken from Story of the Pakistan Navy 1947-1972, Pakistan Navy Historical Section, Naval Headquarters, Islamabad, 1991, pg 345.
Chapter 3
Pgs 122, 123: the quote is taken from Story of the Pakistan Navy 1947-1972, Pakistan Navy Historical Section, Naval Headquarters, Islamabad, 1991, pgs 357, 358.
Pgs 126, 127: the quote is taken from We Dared by Admiral SN Kohli, Lancer International, New Delhi, 1989, pg 76.
Pg 127: the quote is taken from the Preface of Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy 1965-1975 by Vice Admiral GM Hiranandani, Naval Headquarters in association with Lancer Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.
Chapter 4
Pgs 132, 134: the quote is taken from Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club, NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001, pg 132.
Pg 133: the quote is taken from Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club. NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001, pg 319.
Pgs 134, 135: the quote is taken from Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club, NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001, pgs 134, 135.
Pgs 137, 138, 139: the quotes are taken from Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club, NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001, pgs 342, 343.
Pg 140: a spoof on the saying that in war the only bullet that will get you is the one which has your name on it. Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club, NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001, pg 140 by Hon Sub Lt M Anwar.
Pg 141: a quote from Lt Hassan Asifs (later Rear Admiral Hassan Asif) account of survival at sea after the sinking of PNS Muhafiz, Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club, NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001.
Pg 148: a quote from a humorous account of action at sea during the 1971 war by Lt Jamil Akhtar (later Rear Admiral Jamil Akhtar) Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club, NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001.
Pg 149: a quote from another account by Vice Admiral Tasnim Ahmed, SJ and Bar. Bubbles of Water, PN Book Club, NES Directorate, NHQ, Islamabad, 2001.
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