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Book:
Starting the Twenty-First Century: Sociological Reflections and Challenges
Author:
Ernest Krausz / Gitta Tulea
Publisher:
Routledge
Genre:
Books / Politics
Year:
2003
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Jrgen Habermas, speaking of postmodern society, remarked that extension of the means of communication not only allows a wide range of information, but it also encourages permanent connections between different peoples, cultures, and social discourses. It thus facilitates better general understanding, a clarifying of real or apparent contradictions. But this process becomes truly positive only when it is performed between equal members. Globalization of information does not minimize the possibility of conflict or terrorism, if fundamental social problems are not resolved or at least approached in an active way.

This volume examines the major upheavals of the twentieth century and views within the framework of these events and challenges implications for the future. Values and Cultural Changes in the Postmodern World, by Zygmunt Bauman explores the changing meaning of space in the globalizing environment; S.N. Eisenstadt analyzes the destructive components of modernity; and Irving Louis Horowitz draws attention to the classical values of the common universal culture. Social Development and Policies in Contemporary Society, by Michael M. Cernea, examines the importance of the applied and policy-orientated research, especially in the developing countries, and David Marsland stresses the positive role of sociology in pointing to the possibilities of improving healthcare in modern society. Societies in Transition-Eastern Europe, emphasizes transitions that have occurred in Eastern Europe. Rozalina Rjyvkina and Leonid Kosals provide an incisive study of the situation in Russia, while Jerzy J. Wiatr presents a comparative analysis of postcommunist societies, with special reference to Poland. The Jewish World: Pre- and Post-Holocaust, by Regina Azria, discusses the identity problems in the Diaspora confronting modernity; Eva Etzioni-Halevi considers the newly developed Israeli society from the point of view of the exercise and distribution of power; and a most interesting contribution by Annette Wieviorka concerns the material and spiritual effects of the Holocaust on the Jews of France.

Social historians and students of Judaica, as well as a general public interested in cultural pluralism will find this well-developed volume essential reading.

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Starting the
Twenty-First
Century

Ernest Krausz
Gitta Tulea

editors

Starting the
Twenty-First
Century

Sociological Reflections & Challenges

First published 2002 by Transaction Publishers

Published 2017 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2001041455

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Starting the twenty-first century : sociological reflections and challenges /

Ernest Krausz and Gitta Tulea, editors.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-7658-0098-5 (cloth: alk. paper)ISBN 0-7658-0951-6 (paper: alk. paper)

1. Social values. 2. Social problems. 3. Social planning. 4. JewsIdentity. 5. Jewish diaspora. I. Krausz, Ernest. II. Tulea, Gitta.

HM681 .S73 2001

306.09dc21

2001041455

ISBN 13: 978-0-7658-0951-3 (pbk)

ISBN 13: 978-0-7658-0098-5 (hbk)

Contents

Gitta Tulea and Ernest Krausz

Part 1
Values and Cultural Changes in the Postmodern World

Zygmunt Bauman

S.N. Eisenstadt

Irving Louis Horowitz

Part 2
Social Development and Policies in Contemporary Society

Michael M. Cernea

David Marsland

Part 3
Societies in TransitionEastern Europe

Rozalina Ryvkina and Leonid Kosals

Jerzy J. Wiatr

Part 4
The Jewish World

Rgine Azria

Nathan Cohen

Eva Etzioni-Halevy

Annette Wieviorka

The rationale behind this volume is twofold: its purpose is both to look at some of the major changesindeed upheavalsof the twentieth century, as well as to provide some insights into the likely future trends as we enter the new millennium. We were fortunate to have been able to enlist prominent social scientists from a number of countries to contribute papers to our volume. Their papers attest to the diversity of subjects and views within the wide framework of twentieth-century events and challenges with implications for the future.

The papers deal with a number of distinct areas and problems that we see as falling into four sections: structural and cultural changes in the postmodern world; contemporary social development; transitional changes in Eastern Europe; and particular aspects of the Jewish world, including Israel. The papers are presented in each section in the alphabetical order of authors names.

As editors we must stress that the opinions expressed in the papers are entirely those of the authors. We are grateful to the authors for their valuable contributions and for taking an interest in our special volume of Sociological Papers 2000.

We thank the Sociological Institute for Community Studies for enabling us to produce this volume and the Leon Tamman Foundation for their support. In processing and editing this volume we were greatly helped by Dr. Esther Guggenheimer-Furman, for which we owe her much thanks. We also wish to thank Susie Grossman and Sara Nussbaum, members of the Institute staff, for their constant help in preparing this volume.

We wish to note that the paper by Professor S.N. Eisenstadt was first published in the Simon Wisenthal (Hrsg.) Project Judenplatz Wien, Zsolnay 2000; a longer version of the paper by Professor Michael M. Cernea appeared as The 1995 Malinowski Award Lecture, The World Bank, Washington, D.C. 1996; and the paper by Dr. Regine Azria was published originally in French by Christoph Miething in Politik und Religion im Judentum, Romania Judaica, Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tubingen 1999. To all the above we are grateful for granting us permission to publish their papers in our volume.

The Editors

Gitta Tulea and Ernest Krausz

There are moments in social history, and consequently, in the development of social thought when events and ideas seem destabilized. In spite of its huge technological, informational, and knowledge achievements, postmodern society at the end of the century was confronted with facts and problems that were completely unpredictable, and the actual basic patterns of explanation furnished by sociological thought are still unable to furnish a meaningful explanation for these events and their future course.

Not that sociologists are not aware of the fundamental changes that accompanied the emergence of postmodern society. The tragic collapse of the industrial civilization into fascist and totalitarian regimes and their unexpected association with producing the most brutal and terrible events of the twentieth century created a challenge for social thought at the end of the century. The burgeoning and constant growth of the strata of the excluded in the affluent consumption society, which appears as a perverse effect of it, is also a major problem with which sociologists are now confronted.

There was a reaction of sociological thought to all these new social phenomena at the end of the century. Such a message has been conveyed by the scholars of the Frankfurt School. Its representatives not only experienced contemporaneously these events but the latter also brutally interfered and modified their lives. Therefore, their critique of the industrial civilization was profound and total, their approach desperate, their conclusions pessimistic. They considered that the domination of the technological reason, its identification with the only possible ideology, and its pretension to offer a unique and all-encompassing ethos are the inevitable outcomes of what they defined as late capitalism. This last stage of the industrial societyour society at the end of the centurycharacterized by the huge development of science and technology that became its main value reference, generates economic prosperity but creates an undimensional man, stripped of sociological imagination and the capacity to react creatively to the human challenges of the new society. The main social discourse of the late capitalism is the language of the purpose instead of the language of meaning. The scholars of the Frankfurt School thus considered the postmodern society as an epoch of decadence.

Wise sociologists like Raymond Aron were also ready to concede that the industrial civilization, in spite of its successes, doesnt always lead to a continuous and general positive development. The unprecedented advance of science allows us to penetrate more and more domains of the micro- and macrouniverse that in the past were unknown or relegated to mysterious metaphysics. Natures laws are unveiled in a breathtaking rhythm, increasing the Promethean powers of man without, however, making him the master of the universe.

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