Practically all of the activities and projects detailed in this book can be carried out easily by a family, group, or individual camping in any one of the state parks or national parksor even closer to home.
Much of the preparatory work for the more rugged forms of camping can be usefully accomplished before setting out on the trip. Anyone who has learned to set up a tent, lean-to, or any other improvised shelter quickly and efficiently in a back yard and has experimented with bedding, kitchen gear and building fires of various sorts, even if unlit, is a far better camper than one who sets out into the woods for the first camping experience without having practiced in advance some of the skills required for camping.
BRINGING THE OUTDOORS INDOORS
Many a practical tent on the market today began indoors as strips of tough paper or cloth, with a ruler, scissors, and paste handy.
Woodcraft, Indiancraft and naturecraft should begin indoors, graduating to outdoors later on.
Numerous knot-tying and lashing championships have been won by much practice at home.
The study of map reading and map making indoors will assure the ability to read maps accurately and quickly on trail or route.
Studying and making star charts indoors is fine preliminary training for further development of astronomy under the stars.
Compass work and route and course charting should begin at home and the practical results will pay off later on the trail and on the water.
First Aid and certain Lifesaving techniques should be started and practiced indoorslater on may prove too late!
Time spent outdoors is far too precious to waste on preliminaries and necessary skills which can be learned and developed at home and in the club room. With a little thought one can bring the outdoors indoors.
THE OUTDOORS AS EVERYONES HERITAGE
It is as much a joy as a privilege for a parent or youth leader to escape the thralldom of traffic lights, concrete, and city canyons by seeking out what still remains of the once Great Outdoors and telling the younger members of their safari about clean atmosphere, pure, natural water, soil particles, green leaves, and the wonder of quiet and open spaces. A father, mother, big brother, or family friend can be the chief who leads his modern Indians into such Indian Country and explains the vital, patriotic task and necessity of conservation.
Preserving our natural resources is one of the few issues of vast importance which are not controversial in this atomic age. It is everybodys privilege and duty to take a hand in helping to achieve this. In this age of rocketry, nuclear fission, and electronics, the basic things of life called natural resources are too often overlooked. When a modern youngster boasts that scientists have split the atom he can be reminded that no scientist has yet split a plant leaf to reproduce its green cell, which is the key to all earth life. When a youngster talks of the wonderful reproductions of the greatest modern chemists he can be told that not one of them has yet solved the mystery of chlorophyll, despite the millions of dollars spent on research in the attempt to reproduce it.
INDIAN TERRITORY
Modern boys or girls have the best chance of really living like Indians during the long summer holidays. This is especially true when the holidays are spent in the country. Though fun, adventure, and interest can be experienced in leading the life of a lone Indian, the Indian way of life can be made even more interesting by sharing it with a companion or, still better, by forming a band of modern Indians among those spending their holidays or living in a suitable location. Such groups can be organized as bands comprising six to ten Indians in each. Practically all of the activities detailed in this book then become possible and the band members will get the true feel and spirit of living like Indians. Six or eight braves to a band, under the leadership of a responsible senior or a mature chief, aided by a junior chief when necessary, will prove a suitable number. All of the Indian programs set down on these pages can be carried out successfully by almost any size group under the guidance of a leader.
There are fine opportunities for summer camps to include a certain amount of Indiancraft and trailcraft in their regular programs, thus adding additional variety, incentive, and adventure to the lot of the campers. This is especially true of camps throughout the United States and Canada which are situated in almost virgin country which, fortunately, has not changed too greatly since the days when it was roamed by the Red Men. Unspoiled forests, woodland, lakes, rivers, and streams are there to be explored and enjoyed. Nowhere, except in very similar country throughout Europe, can one live the life of an Indian better than in such places, still unspoiled by the encroachment of modern civilization. Such sites are modern Indian country.
INDIAN CLOTHING
The types of improvised clothing for would-be braves detailed in this chapter illustrate how easy it is to equip modern braves of all ages.
Clothing for the happy, rugged, Indian way of life should be old, tough, and very comfortable. Breechclouts, which can be fringed and decorated in Indian style, can be made standard wear for at least a few sun-filled hours each day, when good weather prevails. Such garb should be worn in morning and afternoon hours until the braves become used to the sun rays and tan nicely. Seasoned braves who are conditioned to acquire a fine coat of Indian tan can wear breechclouts in the afternoon, too. Colored shirts, with fringes sewn onto the long sleeves, can be worn as protection against the sun during the first week of really hot weather. Of course, breechclouts are not suitable for roaming rugged country, especially where blackberry, wild rose, and thorn bushes lie in wait for thin-skinned modern Indians. Jeans or any sturdy, smooth-fabric long trousers without cuffs are standard attire for exploratory trips. Tough, smooth-surface shirts with long sleeves will afford necessary protection when the going is rough. Strong hiking shoes, or hard-soled moccasins, make the trail seem easier. Breechclouts are fine for games in the encampment and for hiking on brier and bush-free terrain. They are illustrated in Chapter 20. The Plains tribes rejoiced in the freedom of their breechclouts but the Woodland Indians usually wore tough trousers, in addition to breechclouts, for protection in wooded terrain.
HOW INDIANS LIVED
The purpose of this chapter is to tell as briefly, yet as concisely as possible, how the young people of the Indian tribes lived in their encampments and villages and how they occupied their time. It must first be said that a modern Indian village or encampment cannot prosper long, nor can a modern Indian tribe or band usefully exist, unless it follows the well-blazed trail which the Indians have left as a guide to their splendid way of life. Modern chiefs should study the ways and lore of the Indians. They must be able to set up and implement an authentic Indian program which is exciting, inspiring, and helpful to the braves-to-be. By their own knowledge and interest in Indian ways, they must be able to lead and inspire the braves in their bands to really live as the Red Men did, or as close to it as possible, and learn all they can about Indian lore, woodcraft, and Indian ways.