PUBLIC POLICY AND MEDIA ORGANIZATIONS
Public Policy and Media Organizations
DAVID BERRY
Southampton Solent University, UK
CAROLINE KAMAU
Birkbeck, University of London, UK
First published 2013 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
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Copyright 2013 David Berry and Caroline Kamau
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Berry, David, 1960
Public policy and media organizations.
1. Social policy Decision making. 2. Social policy Public opinion.
3. Social policy Press coverage. 4. Mass media Political aspects.
5. Mass media and public opinion. 6. Journalism Social aspects. 7. Journalism
Political aspects. 8. Social psychology. 9. Crime in mass media.
I. Title II. Kamau, Caroline.
361.61dc23
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Berry, David, 1960
Public policy and media organizations / by David Berry and Caroline Kamau.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4094-0275-6 (hardback)ISBN 978-1-4094-0276-3 (ebook) 1. Political planningCase studies. 2. Policy sciencesCase studies. 3. Mass mediaCase studies.
I. Kamau, Caroline. II. Title.
H97.B474 2012
320.6dc23
2012021240
ISBN 9781409402756 (hbk)
ISBN 9781315602950 (ebk)
Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
Tables
About the Authors
David Berry gained his PhD in Media Communication at the University of Glamorgan and currently works at Southampton Solent University, England. Publications include Ethics and Media Culture: Practices and Representations 2000, The Romanian Mass Media and Cultural Development 2004, Radical Mass Media Criticism: A Cultural Genealogy 2006, and Journalism, Ethics and Society 2008, which is currently being translated into Arabic by the King Saud Center, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. His most recent publication is Revisiting the Frankfurt School: Essays on Culture, Media and Theory, published by Ashgate Publishing, 2012.
Caroline Kamau obtained her PhD in Social Psychology and BSc (Hons) in Psychology with Clinical Psychology from the University of Kent in England. She is a lecturer in Organizational Psychology at Birkbeck, University of London. She conducts experimental and applied psychology research on group processes. Her recent publications include an article reporting a laboratory study on group initiations and an article on intergroup emotions.
Preface
In modern Western systems public policy issues are wide and varied, but whatever the range the rationale behind public policy implementation by incumbent government is based on maintenance of power and the introduction of social benefits to society. This latter point has however complex motives attached and benefits that are not always universal in scope. For instance, reducing pay levels for public service workers in the name of a national interest to reduce debt perhaps is one example. Taxation in general to invest in health care is seen to bring benefits to all except those who believe that tax is a discreet form of theft. The reasoning behind public policy implementation is indeed extremely complex and multi-faceted but we cannot deny that in social democratic systems, governments that are elected to power have a right to implement public policy according to their respective political philosophies. However, philosophical thinking can be subject to varying influencing factors such as media that help to condition or re-shape public policy thinking and implementation.
This book sets out to examine public policy and the influence news media organizations have in the production and implementation of public policy. Part of the reasoning behind this is to examine the impact that media organizations have on the democratic process: after all the public elect political parties to govern based on their respective policies outlined in manifestos which are conditioned by various types of political philosophy: this is essentially a democratic moment and to what extent media organizations can re-shape thinking is to ponder on the issue concerning the democratic moment of individual freewill to elect and legitimate rights to govern.
In principle, the news media have a right to free speech limited by legal restraint sometimes to hold government to account; for if capitalism was so perfect there would be no need for a news media in the first place. However, the influence media have over public policy-making is of interest when we consider the limited size of the mainstream media itself. In other words, ownership of most news organizations is limited to a small number of powerful individuals or institutions such as the BBC that is governed by historical class values. The most influential news media organization over recent years is Rupert Murdochs News Corporation and Murdochs connections with both the Labour Party and Conservative Party are legendary and thus influence over public policy is a serious matter of concern in the way it impacts upon the democratic process. During the Tony Blair-led government it was once claimed by a high-ranking police officer that Murdochs News of the World dictated public policy on law and order, not the governing Labour Party. Whilst these are legitimate concerns, we do however recognize that the process of public policy thinking and implementation is extremely complex but fascinating in trying to understand how implementation as a process impacts upon society.
The book is divided in two parts: , titled Theorizing Public Policy and News Media Representations, is a combination of political philosophy and sociology which examines some of the historical concepts that are central to public policy thinking. It then examines public policy in more broad detail before assessing the role of news media representations and discourse in relation to public policy issues.
then assesses the socio-cognitive group processes among media workers that create faulty decision-making and influence public opinion about policy issues.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our thanks to Abigail Spong for her role in collecting, coding and inputting the data from Hansard (UK Parliament records) for , and for her excellent work on the index. We would also like to say thank you to Claire Jarvis at Ashgate for her patience and to Sadie Copley-May for her close attention to detail.