Bernd Baldus - Origins of Inequality in Human Societies

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Origins of Inequality in Human Societies

Since the beginning of social life human societies have faced the problem of how to distribute the results of collaborative activities among the participants. The solutions they found ranged from egalitarian to unequal but caused more dissension and conflict than just about any other social structure in human history. Social inequality also dominated the agenda of the new field of sociology in the nineteenth century. The theories developed during that time still inform academic and public debates, and inequality continues to be the subject of much current controversy.

Origins of Inequality in Human Societies begins with a critical assessment of classical explanations of inequality in the social sciences and the political and economic environment in which they arose. The book then offers a new theory of the evolution of distributive structures in human societies. It examines the interaction of chance, intent and unforeseen consequences in the emergence of social inequality, traces its irregular historical path in different societies, and analyses processes of social control which consolidated inequality even when it was costly or harmful for most participants. Because the evolution of distributive structures is an open process, the book also explores issues of distributive justice and options for greater equality in modern societies. Along with its focus on social inequality the book covers topics in cultural evolution, social and economic history and social theory.

This book will appeal to scholars and advanced students of sociology, economics and anthropology in particular sociological theory and social inequality.

Bernd Baldus is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Toronto, Canada.

Routledge Advances in Sociology

158 Aging in Contexts of Migration

Edited by Ute Karl and Sandra Torres

159 Twentieth Century Population Thinking

A Critical Reader of Primary Sources

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160 The Synchronization of National Policies

Ethnography of the Global Tribe of Moderns

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161 Retail and the Artifice of Social Change

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162 Theorizing Social Memories

Concepts and Contexts

Edited by Gerd Sebald and Jatin Wagle

163 Addiction, Modernity, and the City

A Users Guide to Urban Space

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164 Medicine, Risk, Discourse and Power

Edited by John Martyn Chamberlain

165 Pragmatic Humanism

On the Nature and Value of Sociological Knowledge

Marcus Morgan

166 The Social After Gabriel Tarde

Debates and Assessments, 2nd edition

Edited by Matei Candea

167 Dynamics of National Identity

Media and Societal Factors of What We Are

Edited by Peter Schmidt, Josef Seethaler, Leonie Huddy and Jrgen Grimm

168 Beyond Capital

Values, Commons, Computing, and the Search for a Viable Future

David Hakken, Maurizio Teli and Barbara Andrews

169 Values, Economic Crisis and Democracy

Edited by Malina Voicu, Ingvill C. Mochmann, Hermann Dlmer

170 Understanding Southern Social Movements

Edited by Simin Fadaee

171 Sharing Lives

Adult Children and Parents

Marc Szydlik

172 The Reflexive Initiative

On the Grounds and Prospects of Analytic Theorizing

Edited by Stanley Raffel and Barry Sandywell

173 Social Movements in Violently Divided Societies

Constructing Conflict and Peacebuilding

John Nagle

174 Challenging Identities

European Horizons

Edited by Peter Madsen

175 Cool Nations

Media and the Social Imaginary of the Branded Country

Katja Valaskivi

176 Thanatourism and Cinematic Representations of Risk

Screening the End of Tourism

Rodanthi Tzanelli

177 The Decent Society

Planning for Social Quality

Pamela Abbott, Claire Wallace and Roger Sapsford

178 The Politics and Practice of Religious Diversity

National Contexts, Global Issues

Edited by Andrew Dawson

179 So Paulo in the Twenty-First Century

Spaces, Heterogeneities, Inequalities

Edited by Eduardo Cesar Leo Marques

180 State Looteries

Historical Continuity, Rearticulations of Racism, and American Taxation

Kasey Henricks and David G. Embrick

181 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans* Individuals Living with Dementia

Concepts, Practice and Rights

Edited by Sue Westwood and Elizabeth Price

182 Family, Culture, and Self in the Development of Eating Disorders

Susan Haworth- Hoeppner

183 Origins of Inequality in Human Societies

Bernd Baldus

184 Confronting the Challenges of Urbanization in China

Insights from Social Science Perspectives

Edited by Zai Liang, Steven F. Messner, Youqin Huang and Cheng Chen

185 Social Policy and Planning for the 21st Century

In Search of the Next Great Social Transformation

Donald G. Reid

186 Popular Music and Retro Culture in the Digital Era

Jean Hogarty

187 Muslim Americans

Debating the Notions of American and Un-American

Nahid Kabir

Pieter Bruegel the Elder ( c. 15251569). The Battle of the Moneybags and the Strong Boxes. Image credit: Yale University Art Gallery.

Notes

Two recurrent themes in Bruegels art were paintings and drawings of ordinary people and satirical portrayals of greed and acquisitiveness in the bustling and sometimes violent merchant culture of Antwerp where he spent part of his life. The Flemish inscription, freely translated, reads Go to it, you piggy-banks, barrels and chests. Its all about money and goods, this fighting and twisting. Although they will tell you otherwise, dont believe it. Thats why we fly the grappling hook banner which has never failed us. They try to find ways to subdue us, but they will not succeed until there is nothing left to rob.

First published 2017

by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

and by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2017 Taylor & Francis

The right of Bernd Baldus to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Names: Baldus, Bernd, 1941 author.

Title: Origins of inequality in human societies / Bernd Baldus.

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