Hugh Cortazzi - Japan Experiences - Fifty Years, One Hundred Views: Post-War Japan Through British Eyes

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JAPAN EXPERIENCES
FIFTY YEARS, ONE HUNDRED VIEWS

JAPAN EXPERIENCES: FIFTY YEARS, ONE HUNDRED VIEWS

Post-War Japan through British Eyes
19452000

Compiled and Edited

by

HUGH CORTAZZI

Compiled and Edited by Hugh Cortazzi

First published 2001 by JAPAN LIBRARY

This edition published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Japan Society Publications 2001

All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the publishers in writing, except for the use of short extracts in criticism.

ISBN 1-903350-04-2 [case]

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP entry for this book is available
from the British Library

SPECIAL THANKS

The Japan Society and publishers wish to thank the Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation, the Great Britain-Sasakawa Foundation and the UK-Japan Joint Research Project for their generous support.

This book is published as part of Japan 2001, which celebrates, in the UK, the culture and lifestyle of Japan. Its purpose is to deepen existing UK-Japan relationships and to foster new ones.

Set in Garamond 11 on 11.5 pt by Bookman, Hayes, Middlesex

This volume is dedicated to
Haruku Fukuda and Lew Radbourne
Joint Chairmen of the Japan Society, 1995-2000

KENSINGTON PALACE
LONDON W8 4PU

William Adams, who was the navigator of the Dutch ship Liefde which foundered off the coast of Kyushu in 1600, was the first Englishman to arrive in Japan. After the English factory at Hirado had closed in 1623, contact between the two nationalities was at best intermittent until the reopening of Japan to the West in 1853. The British subsequently played a significant role in the development of modern Japan in the Meiji period (18681912) and the relationship blossomed into the conclusion of the first Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902.

The British role in post-war Japan has inevitably been secondary to that of the United States, but it should not be underestimated. After the occupation, in which British Commonwealth Forces played a part, the British were suspicious of Japan, initially fearing a military revival and then the impact of Japanese exports on sections of British industry. But, as many of the contributions in this book show, the relationship gradually improved and by the end of the twentieth century Britain and Japan had developed warm and friendly relations, which covered the whole spectrum of activities cultural, economic and political and which are based on a great mutual respect, synergies of circumstances and a deep mutual liking.

The second half of the twentieth century has demonstrated that the skills of the Japanese in design, business and manufacture, combined with a strong sense of social discipline has created structures and institutions envied by many countries as they survey the 21st Century.

My brother William served in the British Embassy in Tokyo in the 1960s when Hugh Cortazzi, the Editor and Compiler of this volume, was Commercial Counsellor. I was fortunate enough to be able to visit him at that time and to see how traditional Japanese Architectural values were adapted to modern conditions and become a major contributor to the International style of building.

I am delighted that this Japan Society Publication is to be one of the Society's contributions to Japan 2001: the year will also mark the 110th anniversary of the founding of the Society, of which I am Patron. I believe that readers will find in this book not only much of interest but also some surprises and an overall sense of a growth of mutual regard and understanding.

Patron

Table of Contents

____________________

[Plate Section opposite page 294]

THE CURTAIN RISES

Peter Dean, Lewis Bush, John Figgess, Bill Beasley,
Peter Parker, Peter Bates, Lord Bramall, Ian Nish,
Lew Radbourne, Paul Bates, Christopher Wood,
John Morris, Edmund Blunden, Honor Tracy

General Piggott, Frank Ashton-Gwatkin.

Dorothy Britton Bouchier

CULTURE

Edmund Blunden, George Fraser, Dennis Enright,
Reg Close, Ronald Bottrall, FreddieTomlin, Francis King

Benjamin Britten, Stephen Spender, Sacheverell Sitwell,
Arthur Koestler, Kenneth Clark, Anthony Powell,
Laurens van der Post, David Hockney, Hugh Casson

Anthony Thwaite, Harry Guest, John Haylock, Peter Robinson

Peter Martin, Mike Barrett

Roger Buckley, Sue Hudson, Adrian McGreevey,
Susanna Pfeiffer, Sarah Johnson, Philip Everest

Ron Dore, Eric Ceadel, Bill Beasley,
Carmen Blacker, Geoffrey Bownas, Peter Swan,
Ian Nish, Dick Storry, Ken Gardner,
Peter Kornicki, Joy Hendry

Honor Tracy Junichiro Tanizaki and Yoshida Kenichi
Carmen Blacker Jiro Osaragi
HonorTracy and others Kenichi Yoshida
Lees Mayall Yukio Mishima
George Bull Graham Greene Shusaku Endo
Hugh Cortazzi Ryotaro Shiba

SOME EVENTS

Dick Ellingworth with a comment from Tony Rundall

Lesley Connors, Lydia Gomersall, Janet Hunter and Anne Kaneko, Peter Martin

Carolyn Whitehead, David Powers

Carolyn Whitehead, David Powers

Martin Campbell White

SOME OBSERVERS

Hessell Tiltman, Fred Emery, William Horsley,
Ian de Stains, Henry Scott Stokes, Bill Emmott

Julian Ridsdale, Patrick Jenkin,
Kenneth Baker, Denis Healey, David Young

BUSINESS AND FINANCE

Paul Bates, Michael Wingate, Neville Fakes

Lew Radbourne, Duncan Fraser

Martyn Naylor, David Wilkinson, Ann Wilkinson,
Dick Large, Graham McCallum

Peter Parker, Mike Perry

Ben Thome

Peter Hand

Edmund de Rothschild, HughTrenchard,
Christopher Purvis, John Naish

Eric Elstob and Dugald Barr

Chris Elston, Geoffrey Littler

OFFICIALS

John Figgess, Peter Dean,
Jimmy Abraham, Mike Forrest and Gail Forrest

Bill Williamson, Clive Bradley

Phillida Purvis

Merrick Baker-Bates

Sydney Giffard

Dick Ellingworth, Brian Hitch

John Whitehead

Eddie Ripley

Alan Pinnell

Lees Mayall, Nicholas Barrington

Vere Redman on what he learnt in and from Japan

Lees Mayall on Dan Lascelles and Oscar Morland
Oscar Morland, Tony Rundall,
Simone Warner (on Japan during Fred Warner's time as Ambassador),
Michael Wilford, John Whitehead, John Boyd, David Wright

An address by John Whitehead

by Gren Wedderburn

by Neville Fakes

____________________

T his book does not pretend to be a history of Anglo-Japanese relations since the Second World War. It aims rather to provide some of the raw material for aspects of such a history and to cast some light on the life of British people in Japan in the post-war era. The main focus is on the first thirty to forty years following the end of the war in 1945. This is because Japan today has changed so much especially since the era of poverty which followed Japan's defeat. Moreover, if impressions of those years are not recorded now they may never be as people pass on and memories fade. In recent years, in sharp contrast to the position two to three decades ago, there have been so many British people living in or visiting Japan that for many living in Japan has become like living anywhere abroad.

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