Samuel Coleman - Japanese Science: From the Inside

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JAPANESE SCIENCE

Japans performance in the field of scientific research has been less than might be expected. There is a curious dichotomy between what has gone on in the laboratory and the countrys outstanding technical sophistication and economic success. However, this may be about to change.

This new ethnograpic study of Japans scientists looks firsthand at the career structures and organizational issues that have hampered their advancement. It provides an analysis of the problem of career mobility in science, the status quo in university and government laboratories, relations between scientists and lay administrators and the problems encountered by women scientists.

Japanese Science: From the Inside contests the view that Japans relatively poor scientific record has been the product of unique thought patterns and instead demonstrates the crucial importance of moribund policy decisions in holding back dynamic and ambitious scientists.

Samuel Coleman is an independent researcher who has written extensively on Japanese science and society. In his former position as Associate Director for Research and Program Development at the North Carolina Japan Center, he led the effort to establish the Harry C. Kelly Fund for United StatesJapan Scientific Co-operation.

ROUTLEDGE STUDIES IN THE GROWTH
ECONOMIES OF ASIA

1 THE CHANGING CAPITAL

MARKETS OF EAST ASIA

Edited by Ky Cao

2 FINANCIAL REFORM IN

CHINA

Edited by On Kit Tam

3 WOMEN AND

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ASIA

Edited by Susan Horton

4 JAPAN'S TRADE POLICY

Action or reaction?

Yumiko Mikanagi

5 THE JAPANESE ELECTION

SYSTEM

Three analytical perspectives

Junichiro Wada

6 THE ECONOMICS OF THE

LATECOMERS

Catching-up, technology transfer and

institutions in Germany, Japan and

South Korea

Jang-Sup Shin

7 INDUSTRIALIZATION IN

MALAYSIA

Import substitution and infant industry

performance

Rokiah Alavi

8 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

IN TWENTIETH CENTURY

EAST ASIA

The international context

Edited by Aikolkeo

9 THE POLITICS OF

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

IN INDONESIA

Contending perspectives

Edited by lan Chalmers and Vedi Hadi%

10 STUDIES IN THE

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE

PACIFIC RIM

Edited by Sally M. Miller, A.J.H. Eatham

and 'Dennis O. Flynn

11 WORKERS AND THE

STATE IN NEW ORDER

INDONESIA

Vedi R. Hadi^

12 THE JAPANESE FOREIGN

EXCHANGE MARKET

Beate Reseat

13 EXCHANGE RATE

POLICIES IN EMERGING

ASIAN COUNTRIES

Editiedby Stefan Collignon, Jean Pisani-

Ferry and Yung Chul Park

14 CHINESE FIRMS AND

TECHNOLOGY IN THE

REFORM ERA

Yi^heng Shi

15 JAPANESE VIEWS ON

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Diverse paths to the market

Kenichi Ohno andl^umi Ohno

16 TECHNOLOGICAL

CAPABILITIES AND EXPORT

SUCCESS IN ASIA

Edited by Dieter Ernst, Tom Ganiatsos and

Eynn Mytelka

17 TRADE AND INVESTMENT

IN CHINA

The European experience

Edited by Roger Strange, Jim Slater and

Eimin Wang

18 TECHNOLOGY AND

INNOVATION IN JAPAN

Policy and Management for the 21st

Century

Edited by Martin Hemmert and Christian

Oberldnder

19 TRADE POLICY ISSUES IN

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT

Prema-chandra Athukorala

20 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION

Ippei Yama^awa

21 JAPAN'S WAR ECONOMY

Edited by Erich Pauer

22 INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Industry and Firm Studies

Edited by K.S. Jomo, Greg Felker andRajah

Rasiah

23 TECHNOLOGY,

COMPETITIVENESS AND THE

STATE

Malaysia's Industrial Technology

Policies

Edited by K.S. Jomo and Greg Felker

24 CORPORATISM AND

KOREAN CAPITALISM

Edited by Dennis E. McNamara

25 JAPANESE SCIENCE

Samuel Coleman

JAPANESE SCIENCE

From the Inside

Samuel Coleman

First published 1999
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an inform a business

1999 Samuel Coleman

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or by other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Coleman, Samuel J., 1946
Japanese science: from the inside/Samuel Coleman.
p. cm. (Routledge studies in the growth economies of Asia; 25)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. ScienceResearchJapan. 2. ScientistsJapan. I. Title. II. Series.
Q180.J3C66 1999
509.52dc2199-27363

ISBN 10: 0-415-20169-1
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-20169-8

IN MEMORY OF MY FATHER,
DAVID M. COLEMAN

CONTENTS

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FOREWORD
BY ARTHUR KORNBERG

Progress in science depends on discoveries by trained, able, and motivated scientists; virtually all industrialized societies have or can have an abundance of such scientists. What is lacking in most societies is the cultural environment and the sustained financial support that scientists need to contribute their creative talents. In the coming decades, when science and technology will be increasingly vital for the welfare of a society, an adequate volume of research support and its proper organization are crucial.

In this needed book by Dr. Sam Coleman, the management of bioscience in Japan, the worlds second largest economy, is examined critically to provide a case study which is instructive for other societies, as well as an internal audit for Japan itself. Considering the essentiality of bioscience research and the huge investment being made in the enterprise, such an analysis is timely and of the greatest importance.

As a mentor since 1950 for some twenty Japanese bioscientists and a close colleague of as many more, I have been attentive to how their careers were affected by their research support. Also, on frequent visits to Japan, I have observed the organization of funding of academic and governmental science and on occasion have been asked to advise on future planning. For these reasons, I especially welcomed this in-depth analysis of Japanese support of bioscience by someone with the qualifications of the author.

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