Contentious Identities
Daniel Chirot
It is often difficult to separate ethnic, religious, and nationalist identities as these frequently overlap. In todays world peoples most important political identity and loyalty is to their nation, but that has only been true for at most a century or two. There continue to be serious conflicts in some states that are not nation-states between various ethnic, religious, and regionally based groups competing with each other for control of their states, or demanding independence as distinct nations. Even in most of what seem to be established nation-states there are ethnic, religious, or sometimes just regional minorities who are not fully assimilated into the national political culture. Intolerance or attempts to force minority communities into the nation is a prescription for conflict. There have been many cases of successful integration of culturally distinct communities into national wholes, and a majority of potential ethnic, religious, or nationalist conflicts actually get resolved or never even become contentious. Why some situations become conflictual, while others do not, and what can be done to mitigate conflicts where they occur are the main themes of this book.
Daniel Chirot is Job and Gertrud Tamaki Professor of International Studies at the University of Washington, Seattle. His books have been about genocide, ethnic conflicts, tyranny, social change, and Eastern Europe. He has consulted for NGOs, most recently for CARE in Africa. He has received a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship and a Senior Fellowship at the United States Institute of Peace.
Framing 21st Century Social Issues
The goal of this new, unique Series is to offer readable, teachable thinking frames on todays social problems and social issues by leading scholars. These are available for view on http://routledge.customgateway.com/routledge-social-issues.html.
For instructors teaching a wide range of courses in the social sciences, the Routledge Social Issues Collection now offers the best of both worlds: originally written short texts that provide overviews to important social issues as well as teachable excerpts from larger works previously published by Routledge and other presses.
As an instructor, click to the website to view the library and decide how to build your custom anthology and which thinking frames to assign. Students can choose to receive the assigned materials in print and/or electronic formats at an affordable price.
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Sex, Drugs, and Death
Addressing Youth Problems in American Society
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The Stupidity Epidemic
Worrying About Students, Schools, and Americas Future
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Empire Versus Democracy
The Triumph of Corporate and Military Power
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Contentious Identities
Ethnic, Religious, and Nationalist Conflicts in Todays World
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The Future of Higher Education
Dan Clawson and Max Page
Waste and Consumption
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Rapid Climate Change
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The Problem of Emotions in Societies
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Outsourcing the Womb
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Why Nations Go to War
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Contentious Identities
Ethnic, Religious, and Nationalist Conflicts in Todays World
Daniel Chirot
University of Washington, Seattle
First published 2011
by Routledge
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Simultaneously published in the UK
by Routledge
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2011 Taylor & Francis
The right of Daniel Chirot to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Chirot, Daniel.
Contentious identities : ethnic, religious, and nationalist conflicts in todays world/Daniel Chirot. 1st ed.
p. cm. (Framing 21st century social issues)
1. Social conflict. 2. Ethnic conflict. 3. Culture conflict. 4. Group identity. I. Title.
HM1121.C48 2011
303.6dc22
2010046663
ISBN13: 978-0-415-89200-1 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-83419-0 (ebk)
Series Foreword
The world in the early 21st century is beset with problemsa troubled economy, global warming, oil spills, religious and national conflict, poverty, HIV, health problems associated with sedentary lifestyles. Virtually no nation is exempt, and everyone, even in affluent countries, feels the impact of these global issues.
Since its inception in the 19th century, sociology has been the academic discipline dedicated to analyzing social problems. It is still so today. Sociologists offer not only diagnoses; they glimpse solutions, which they then offer to policy makers and citizens who work for a better world. Sociology played a major role in the civil rights movement during the 1960s in helping us to understand racial inequalities and prejudice, and it can play a major role today as we grapple with old and new issues.
This series builds on the giants of sociology, such as Weber, Durkheim, Marx, Parsons, Mills. It uses their frames, and newer ones, to focus on particular issues of contemporary concern. These books are about the nuts and bolts of social problems, but they are equally about the frames through which we analyze these problems. It is clear by now that there is no single correct way to view the world, but only paradigms, models, which function as lenses through which we peer. For example, in analyzing oil spills and environmental pollution, we can use a frame that views such outcomes as unfortunate results of a reasonable effort to harvest fossil fuels. Drill, baby, drill sometimes involves certain costs as pipelines rupture and oil spews forth. Or we could analyze these environmental crises as inevitable outcomes of our effort to dominate nature in the interest of profit. The first frame would solve oil spills with better environmental protection measures and clean-ups, while the second frame would attempt to prevent them altogether, perhaps shifting away from the use of petroleum and natural gas and toward alternative energies that are green.