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Rimonda Maroun - Contextual Characteristics in Juvenile Sentencing: Examining the Impact of Concentrated Disadvantage on Youth Court Outcomes

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Contextual Characteristics in Juvenile Sentencing: Examining the Impact of Concentrated Disadvantage on Youth Court Outcomes: summary, description and annotation

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While there is extensive research published concerning juvenile justice and sentencing, most of the research focuses on individual and extra-legal factors, such as age, race, and gender, with scant attention paid to the impact of macro-level factors. This book assesses how a specific contextual factorconcentrated disadvantageimpacts juvenile court outcomes and considers the relevant implications for the current state of juvenile justice processing.

Using case-level data from a Southern state with a large, diverse population and contextual-level data from the 2010 US Census and American Community Survey, Maroun assesses whether youth living in neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage experience harsher outcomes than their counterparts from other types of neighborhoods. Additionally, she examines whether concentrated disadvantage interacts with individual race/ethnicity to influence juvenile court outcomes. Results suggested a direct impact of concentrated disadvantage on diversion, adjudication, and probation type. Further, race significantly interacted with concentrated disadvantage in impacting adjudication and probation outcomes, while ethnicity significantly interacted with concentrated disadvantage in impacting disposition and commitment type.

This research expands the knowledge of macrolevel influences on juvenile court outcomes, providing support for the notion that community context impacts juvenile justice processing. Results also highlight the fact that judges use discretion as well as other legal and extralegal factors in exerting social control, and do so differently at each stage of processing. This monograph is essential reading for those engaged in youth and juvenile justice efforts and scholars interested in issues surrounding race, class, social policy, and justice.

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Contextual Characteristics in Juvenile Sentencing While there is extensive - photo 1
Contextual Characteristics in Juvenile Sentencing
While there is extensive research published concerning juvenile justice and sentencing, most of the research focuses on individual and extralegal factors such as age, race, and gender with scant attention paid to the impact of macrolevel factors. This book assesses how a specific contextual factorconcentrated disadvantageimpacts juvenile court outcomes and considers the relevant implications for the current state of juvenile justice processing.
Using case-level data from a Southern state with a large, diverse population and contextual-level data from the 2010 US Census and American Community Survey, Maroun assesses whether youth living in neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage experience harsher outcomes than their counterparts from other types of neighborhoods. Additionally, she examines whether concentrated disadvantage interacts with individual race/ethnicity to influence juvenile court outcomes. Results suggested a direct impact of concentrated disadvantage on diversion, adjudication, and probation type. Further, race significantly interacted with concentrated disadvantage in impacting adjudication and probation outcomes, while ethnicity significantly interacted with concentrated disadvantage in impacting disposition and commitment type.
This research expands the knowledge of macrolevel influences on juvenile court outcomes, providing support for the notion that community context impacts juvenile justice processing. Results also highlight the fact that judges use discretion as well as other legal and extralegal factors in exerting social control, and do so differently at each stage of processing. This monograph is essential reading for those engaged in youth and juvenile justice efforts and scholars interested in issues surrounding race, class, social policy, and justice.
Rimonda Maroun is Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Endicott College. Maroun earned her PhD in Criminology and Justice Studies and MA from the University of Massachusetts at Lowell, and graduated from Saint Anselm College with a BA in Criminal Justice with concentrations in Forensics and Spanish. Her research interests include juvenile justice policy and practice, race and ethnicity and justice, sentencing, offender reentry, and quantitative methodology. Maroun previously worked as a research assistant for the Massachusetts Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Leadership Forum, which does research with police and social service agencies on which juvenile diversion programs are most effective and promote positive youth development.
Routledge Studies in Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Series editor David L. Myers
Juvenile justice matters are of critical concern in both the United States and around the world. Books in the Routledge Studies in Juvenile Justice and Delinquency series explore mechanisms, consequences, insights, and innovations in the field of juvenile justice and its responses to delinquency. Each monograph will examine new areas of empirical and theoretical inquiry, provide an agenda-setting discussion of important concepts and controversies surrounding juvenile justice and delinquency, and seek to encompass a transnational or global approach to the issues addressed. The series will be a resource for the international community of undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers concerned with juveniles and families caught up in or at risk of engagement in delinquency and justice system involvement.
Contextual Characteristics in Juvenile Sentencing
Examining the Impact of Concentrated Disadvantage on Youth Court Outcomes
Rimonda Maroun
First published 2019
by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2019 Taylor & Francis
The right of Rimonda Maroun to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this title has been requested
ISBN: 978-0-367-02328-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-40019-3 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by codeMantra
I would like to express my gratitude for the many people who supported me in the completion of this research project. I am so appreciative of my fianc, Mike, family, and friends for their unwavering support and understanding, always affording me the time I needed to focus on this project.
I must thank Dr. Kareem Jordan, Dr. Paul Tracy, Dr. Kelly Socia, and Dr. Michael Leiber for their invaluable feedback. Without the guidance of this intelligent and talented group of scholars and researchers, this project would not have been possible. Sincerely, I thank you.
I would also like to thank the reviewers for spending their time to review my manuscript and for their helpful comments. Finally, thank you to all at Routledge for your guidance during this publishing process!
A major problem inflicting many American neighborhoods is concentrated disadvantage, an indicator of relative poverty that encompasses various disadvantages that impact a community and its inhabitants. Concentrated disadvantage not only insulates communities from various resources that allow individuals to thrive but also exposes them to negative environments which are often used against them. Concentrated disadvantage has been found to influence arrest rates (Parker, Stults, & Rice, 2005), court outcomes (Bontrager, Bales, & Chiricos, 2005), educational outcomes (Yun & Moreno, 2006), and health outcomes (Jones & Duncan, 1995; Wen, Browning, & Cagney, 2003). Youth under the age of 18 are common victims of the negative influences of concentrated disadvantage.
A publication by the National Center for Children in Poverty indicated 23% of the population is comprised of youth under 18, but the same group accounts for 32% of the population living in poverty, with even more living in low-income families (Jiang, Ekono, & Skinner, 2016). Youth living in disadvantage are typically associated with key characteristics: poor parental education, lack of or low-level parental employment, and minority status (Jiang et al., 2016). Unfortunately, the number of youth living in disadvantage is not decreasing. Between 2008 and 2014, there was a 5% increase in the amount of youth living in poverty (Jiang et al., 2016). Between 2014 and 2016, minimal reduction in the number of youth living in poverty was observed (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2018). However, it is important to note that the 2010 US Census undercounted one million children under the age of five years, and it also undercounted minority and immigrant youth. We must acknowledge this data limitation which may be further limiting funding and government resources for disadvantaged communities (i.e., Medicaid, the Childrens Health Insurance Program, foster care, etc.) as they rely on the US Census in determining the allocation of budgets (Reamer, 2018). Consequently, this data flaw may actually perpetuate and reinforce residential segregation and a cycle of decline.
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