DEMOCRACY IN MALAYSIA
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
DEMOCRACY IN ASIA series
Series Editors: Tak-Wing Ngo (Sinological Institute, Leiden University) and Hans Antlv (Program on Governance & Civil Society, Ford Foundation, Jakarta).
Indonesia and the Third Wave of Democratization
The Indonesian Pro-Democracy Movement in a Changing World
Anders Uhlin
The Cultural Construction of Politics in Asia
Edited by Hans Antlov and Tak-Wing Ngo
Democracy and Authority in Korea
The Cultural Dimension in Korean Politics
Geir Helgesen
Authoritarian Imperatives
The Political Economy of State and Democratization in Indonesia
Jn O. Halldorsson
Democracy in Malaysia
Discources and Practices
Edited by Francis Loh Kok Wah and Khoo Boo Teik
Human Rights and Asian Values
Contesting National Identities and Cultural Representations in Asia
Edited by Michael Jacobsen and Ole Bruun
Elections in Indonesia
The New Order and Beyond
Edited by Hans Antlov and Sven Cederroth
Democracy, Development and Decentralization in Provincial Thailand
Daniel Arghiros
In recent years an often acrimonious East-West debate has arisen on issues of democracy, human rights, good governance, etc. One aim of this series is to augment traditional political studies with more culturally sensitive treatments so that our knowledge of local interpretations of democracy and political legitimacy is improved. Accordingly, welcome additions to the series will be studies of local political structures and political cultures (and their operation within national political processes), new avenues of transnational interaction, and the meeting between what governments interpret as democracy and local cultural and political realities. In so doing, the series will contribute to the discussion about democracy, democratization and democratic alternatives in Asia, and provide a natural meeting place for scholars working in this field.
DEMOCRACY IN MALAYSIA
DISCOURSES AND PRACTICES
EDITED BY
FRANCIS LOH KOK WAH AND KHOO BOO TEIK
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
DEMOCRACY IN ASIA series, no. 5
First published in 2002
by Curzon Press
Published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Typeset in ITC Galliard by NIAS Publishing
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 2002
While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, copyright in the individual papers belongs to the authors. No paper may be reproduced in whole or part without the express permission of author, publisher and editors.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Democracy in Malaysia : discourses and practices. -
(Democracy in Asia series ; 5)
1.Democracy - Malaysia 2.Malaysia - Politics and government
I.Loh Kok Wah, Francis II.Khoo, Boo Teik, 1955-
320.9595
ISBN 13: 978-0-700-71160-4 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-700-71161-1 (pbk)
CONTENTS
Khoo Boo Teik and Francis Loh Kok Wah
Francis Loh Kok Wah
Khoo Boo Teik
Syed Ahmad Hussein
Zaharom Nain
Mustafa K. Anuar
Lim Hong Hai
Saliha Hassan
Maznah Mohamad
This book forms part of the research output planned by the Discourses and Practices of Democracy in Southeast Asia Project which is funded by Sida/Sarec, Sweden. We sincerely thank Sida/Sarec for its generous support which facilitated the research and other activities that made the production of this book possible.
The project brought together the Centre for East and South East Asian Studies (GESEAS) of Gteborg University, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cambodian Researchers for Development (CRD), Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS) of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and Research and Education for Peace Unit (REPUSM) of Universiti Sains Malaysia.
We would especially like to record our gratitude to Sven Cederroth and Joakim jendal from GESEAS, who, despite having to coordinate the project over vast distances and under considerable pressures, were unfailing in giving assistance, advice and good cheer.
We would also like to thank Thommy Svensson (then Director of the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, Copenhagen) and Hans Antlv (then GESEAS Director) who very kindly invited our participation in the project and helped us in many ways during its initial phase. At Universiti Sains Malaysia, our involvement received much encouragement from Johan Saravanamuttu and Syed Ahmad Hussein, respectively the former and present deans of the School of Social Sciences, and Latif Kamaluddin, former REPUSM Coordinator. In the management of our project responsibilities, we could never have done without the generous support of our team members, Chan Chee Khoon, Mustafa Kamal Anuar, Syed Ahmad Hussein and Zaharom Nain, or the splendid assistance of Letchimi Devee.
It has been a privilege for us to work with all our co-researchers. The time we have spent has been made memorable by their cooperation, critical comments and camaraderie, and in this regard we would like to give special recognition to the efforts of Sven Cederroth, Taufik Abdullah, Pichara Leang and Rashila Ramli in extending warm hospitality to us from their respective institutions.
We very much appreciate the assistance of Liz Bramsen of the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, and Teh Gaik Lan of the School of Social Sciences, USM, in the preparation of this volume for publication.
We are indebted to all our contributors for their commitment and excellent work.
Francis Loh Kok Wah
Khoo Boo Teik
Khoo Boo Teik, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, and a Fellow of the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, is the author of Paradoxes of Mahathirism: An Intellectual Biography of Mahathir Mohamad (1995).
Lim Hong Hai, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. He teaches mainly in the Schools MPA programme. His main interests are political institutions and processes, management theory and practices, and ethical issues that affect the performance of public administration in democratic government.
Francis Loh Kok Wah is Professor of Politics at Universiti Sains Malaysia. He obtained his PhD from Cornell University in Politics and Southeast Asian Studies. He is the editor of Sabah and Sarawak: The Politics of Development and Federalism (1997) and coordinator of the USM research team in the Sida-funded Democracy in Southeast Asia project.
Maznah Mohamed is Associate Professor in Development Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, and currently (2001) holds the position of annual Visiting Chair in ASEAN and International Studies at the Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, Canada. She has published widely on gender studies and recently edited
