First published in Great Britain in 2016 by
Policy Press University of Bristol 1-9 Old Park Hill Bristol BS2 8BB UK Tel +44 (0)117 954 5940 e-mail
North American office: Policy Press c/o The University of Chicago Press 1427 East 60th Street Chicago, IL 60637, USA t: +1 773 702 7700 f: +1 773-702-9756 e:
Policy Press 2016
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 978-1-4473-2860-5 paperback
ISBN 978-1-4473-2859-9 hardcover
ISBN 978-1-4473-2863-6 ePub
ISBN 978-1-4473-2864-3 Mobi
The right of Tania de St Croix to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Policy Press.
The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the author and not of the University of Bristol or Policy Press. The University of Bristol and Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication.
Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality.
Cover design by Policy Press
Front cover image: Fionn Greig
Readers Guide
This book has been optimised for PDA.
Tables may have been presented to accommodate this devices limitations.
Image presentation is limited by this devices limitations.
This book has taken three years to research and two years to write, but draws on a much longer involvement in youth work as a young person, volunteer, youth worker and campaigner. Many young people, colleagues, activists, friends, family members, students, teachers, researchers and others have inspired me and informed my thoughts during this journey, and I thank them all, even if I cannot name everybody.
The book is based on research undertaken for a PhD in the Sociology of Education, completed at Kings College Londons Department of Education and Professional Studies. The department, and specifically the Centre for Public Policy Research, has been a supportive and stimulating place to study and work. First, I am deeply grateful to my two wonderful supervisors, Sharon Gewirtz and Alan Cribb, who were empowering, trusting, thoughtful, kind and challenging at just the right times. They have improved my research and writing more than I can say.
Next, I want to thank Olie Brice, who encouraged me to do a PhD and write this book. He has read and discussed nearly everything Ive written, as well as cooking delicious food, playing fantastic music and being great company. Thanks, too, to my other family members and friends, especially Mum and Max thank you for everything and Dad, who very helpfully and carefully proofread my thesis.
Thank you to my viva examiners, Jean Spence and Ken Jones, and to the anonymous peer reviewers of this book and of the book proposal. I deeply appreciate your knowledgeable and thoughtful feedback, which has certainly helped me to improve the book, even if I have not followed all of your suggestions! Thanks also to colleagues who read and commented on a draft chapter particularly Pat Mahoney, Hayley Davies, John Owens, Ada Mau, Becky Taylor, David Pepper, Effrosyni Nomikou, Sally Beckwith and Heather King and to others who read and provided feedback on parts of the PhD thesis that the book is adapted from including Meg Maguire, Bernard Davies, Tony Taylor, Ian McGimpsey and Jenny Potter.
My deepest gratitude to the brilliant youth workers who participated anonymously in this research thank you for your time, thoughtfulness and insight. Huge thanks to everyone in Voice of Youth (VOY) for being an amazing inspiration, especially Anna-Nina Koduah, Carys Afoko, Emma Heard, Fionn Greig, Julia Betancour Roth and Keishaun Decordova Johnson for taking part in the collective writing process; to my other fantastic VOY colleagues over the years including Beatriz, Bev, Chizoma, Dreiw, Falon, Habiba, Jerome, Lita, Lorenzo, Lucy, Mauve, Rochell, Sarah, Shekeila, Sus, Tasha, Tom; to all the brilliant young people from Lea View, Jack Watts and Manor; and to everyone else who has been involved or supported VOY in any way.
Thank you so much to Pauline Lipman and the Counter-hegemonics; to Samira Bakkioui; to Graeme Tiffany, Steve Bramall and SAPERE; to friends at In Defence of Youth Work, Youth and Policy, the Federation for Detached Youth Work, and the National Coalition for Independent Action; and to colleagues and young people through the years in London, Manchester and Bath. Thanks to my youth workers when I was a young person, especially Emma, Paddy and Paul from BDEC (whose approach still informs my practice today), and to teachers who inspired a love of learning, especially Kate Sapin, John Best, Howard Gibson and Clive Symons. Thank you to Alice Nicholas for amazing facilitation of the creative weekend workshop Passion and resistance, to participants of that workshop, and to everyone else who has taken part in workshops and discussions relating to this research.
Thank you to all at Policy Press, especially Isobel Bainton, Rebecca Tomlinson, Jessica Miles, Jo Morton and Andy Chadwick, and to copy editor Kathleen Steeden, who have been supportive, thoughtful, efficient and effective. It is a privilege to work with a publisher that aims to make a difference rather than a profit.
The research undertaken for this book was funded by a studentship from the Economic and Social Research Council (ref. ES/101800X/1).