Europe Since 1989
Europe Since 1989 charts the development of Europe east and west since the 1989 revolutions. It analyses the emergent European society, the development of a European public sphere, and civil society. Most books on Europe are heavily biased to the West, and Europe Since 1989 takes the opposite approach. It argues that the transformation of the postcommunist world has implications for the whole of Europe and explores the interplay between long-term fundamental tendencies and chance events and the possible futures which confront contemporary Europe.
With close attention to political, economic, and other social transformations, and an appendix which gives special attention to European macro-regions (Nordic/Baltic Europe, Mediterranean Europe), it offers a sociology of Europe with a strong interdisciplinary emphasis.
William Outhwaite is professor of sociology (emeritus) at Newcastle University. His recent books in this area include European Society (Polity, 2008), Critical Theory and Contemporary Europe (Continuum, 2012), and (with Larry Ray) Social Theory and Postcommunism (Blackwell, 2005).
Europe Since 1989
Transitions and transformations
William Outhwaite
First published 2016
by Routledge
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2016 William Outhwaite
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Outhwaite, William.
Europe since 1989 : transitions and transformations / by William Outhwaite. 1 Edition.
pages cm
1.European Union countriesEconomic integration.2.EuropeForeign relations.3.EuropePolitics and government.I.Title.
HC241.O926 2015
940.56dc23
2015017541
ISBN: 978-1-138-84706-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-72701-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
My greatest debt is to the Leverhulme Trust, whose Major Research Fellowship (20082011) made possible the bulk of the work behind this book. My new colleagues at Newcastle, where I had moved in 2007, were also unfailingly supportive. Several friends there or elsewhere have commented on parts or all of earlier drafts notably Frane Adam, Valentina Feklyunina, Luke Martell, Peter Phillimore, Larry Ray, Darrow Schecter, Richard Sakwa, and Simon Susen. (Any errors are, of course, mine.) Laura Marcus, whom I accompanied to Edinburgh and followed to Oxford, where I was an undergraduate, and Daniel Outhwaite have watched the project develop over the years.
An earlier version of was presented at a work-in-progress seminar at Newcastle, the International Consortium of Social Theory Programs Conference at Sussex in summer 2010, and a Citizenship in South-East Europe (CITSEE) seminar at Edinburgh in December 2010. An earlier version of parts of this chapter is in the Journal of Democratic Socialism 1(1), 2011, and I presented an earlier version of the appendix at the Conference of Europeanists in Barcelona, also in 2011. Some of the material in the later chapters was presented at workshops at Lancaster University and the Hansa-Wissenschaftskolleg, Delmenhorst, in June 2009 and appears in a similar form in my chapter Towards a European Society in the Routledge Handbook of European Sociology, edited by Sokratis Koniordos and Alexandros-Andreas Kyrtsis (2015). While finalising the manuscript I benefited also from comments on an overview of the whole project from Mihaela Mihai, Werner Bonefeld, and others at a politics seminar at York in early 2015.
ASEAN | Association of South-East Asian Nations |
VH | llamvdelmi Hatsg (State Protection Authority) |
CAP | Common Agricultural Policy |
CDU | ChristlichDemokratische Union (Christian Democratic Union) |
CEE | Central and Eastern Europe |
CEEC(s) | Central and Eastern European Countries |
CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States (Russian: SNG) |
CMEA | (Comecon) Council for Mutual Economic Assistance |
SR, SSR | Czechoslovak (Socialist) Republic |
CSU | ChristlichSoziale Union (Christian Social Union) |
DDR | Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic Republic) |
EB | Eurobarometer |
EBRD | European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
EC | European Community/ies |
ECB | European Central Bank |
ECJ | European Court of Justice; now Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) |
ECSC | European Coal and Steel Community |
EFTA | European Free Trade Area |
FP | Freiheitspartei sterreichs (Austrian Freedom Party) |
gal/tan | green/alternative/libertarian versus traditionalism/authority/nationalism. |
GDP | gross domestic product |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
KGB | Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti) |
MEP | Member of the European Parliament |
MfS | Ministerium fr Staatssicherheit (Stasi) |
NAFTA | North American Free Trade Association |
NATO | North AtlanticTreaty Organization |
NGO | non-governmental organisation |
OECD | Organisation for European Cooperation and Development |
OMC | Open Method of Coordination |
PDS | Partei des demokratischen Sozialismus |
PHARE | Pologne, Hongrie: Activit pour la Restructuration conomique |
TACIS | Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States |
SCO | Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |
SdRP | Social Democracy of the Polish Republic |
SED | Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands/Socialist Unity Party of Germany |
SVP | Schweizerische Volkspartei (Swiss Peoples Party) |
Version 1
In 2015, a quarter of a century after the end of communism in Eastern Europe, the end state, or